{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T09:42:39Z","timestamp":1784194959446,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,15]],"date-time":"2012-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1329264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe head and neck manifestations of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in a cohort of HIV\u2010infected patients receiving combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). After initiation of cART, some HIV\u2010infected patients present a paradoxical worsening and clinical deterioration due to pathological inflammatory reactions to infectious or noninfectious antigens, a condition known as IRIS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective study with a follow\u2010up period of 6 to 24\u00a0months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tertiary referral center in Mexico City.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our cohort was integrated by 165 patients who had started cART within the past 2\u00a0months prior to study entry. Patients underwent a complete ear, nose, and throat examination (ENT). Laboratory tests (hematology and blood chemistry), cultures from body fluids, and biopsies were performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 165 patients studied, 21 (12.7%) presented IRIS in the head and neck region. Kaposi sarcoma was the most common presentation, observed in 7 patients. Tuberculosis\u2010associated IRIS was observed in 6 patients with scrophulas, lymph node enlargement, or retropharyngeal abscess. Other manifestations included herpes simplex I infection and unilateral vocal fold palsy secondary to <jats:italic>Mycobacterium avium intracelulare<\/jats:italic> paratracheal abscess and scrophulas, as well as cervical lymph node histoplasmosis and facial palsy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>To our knowledge, this is the first prospective study describing the different manifestations of IRIS in the head and neck region.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599812437321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,16]],"date-time":"2012-02-16T20:38:29Z","timestamp":1329424709000},"page":"52-56","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Head and Neck Manifestations of the Immune Reconstitution Syndrome in HIV\u2010Infected Patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"147","author":[{"given":"Yuria","family":"Ablanedo\u2010Terrazas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Enfermedades Infecciosas Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Alvarado\u2010de la Barrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Enfermedades Infecciosas Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher E.","family":"Ormsby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Enfermedades Infecciosas Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo","family":"Reyes\u2010Ter\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Enfermedades Infecciosas Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dki444"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-200205000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000161769.06158.8a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/499356"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181594c8c"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000195618.55453.9a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200868020-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/17520363.2.4.349"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2009.00700.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70026-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283489c8b"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2006.20.823"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2005.19.635"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","unstructured":"Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents.Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in HIV\u20101\u2010infected adults and adolescents.Department of Health and Human Services.January 10 2011;1\u2010166.http:\/\/www.aidsinfo.nih.gov\/ContentFiles\/AdultandAdolescentGL.pdf. 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