{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T16:19:26Z","timestamp":1791476366218,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,2]],"date-time":"2012-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1335916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to compare the apoptotic responses to systemic, topical, and intrapolyp injection of glucocorticoid with no treatment in nasal polyps.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective, randomized controlled study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tertiary training hospital.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subjects and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study was performed on 48 patients with nasal polyposis in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology between 2008 and 2009. Patients were assigned to 1 of 4\u00a0groups of 12 patients. Group A was treated with oral methylprednisolone 1\u00a0mg\/kg\/d, and the dose was tapered gradually. Group B received 0.3\u00a0mL triamcinolone acetonide (40\u00a0mg\/mL), which was injected into polyp tissue. Group C was treated with topical 55 \u00b5g triamcinolone acetonide 2 times daily for 1\u00a0month. Group D received no medication. Samples were collected endoscopically after the seventh day for groups A and B, the first month for group C, and the first visit for group D. Apoptotic indexes were determined using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase\u2010mediated dUTP nick end labeling method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Statistically significant differences in apoptotic index were found between each steroid\u2010medicated group and the control group (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>D\u2010A<\/jats:sub>\n                      =. 0001;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>D\u2010B<\/jats:sub>\n                      =. 003;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>D\u2010C<\/jats:sub>\n                      =. 026) and between groups A and C (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>A\u2010C<\/jats:sub>\n                      =. 012). Group B did not differ significantly from either group A or C (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>A\u2010B<\/jats:sub>\n                      =. 11;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>B\u2010C<\/jats:sub>\n                      =. 75).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The apoptotic index in nasal polyps treated with systemic, topical, and intrapolyp injection forms of glucocorticoids was higher than that in the control group. Systemic steroid treatment induced the most apoptosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599812446678","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,3]],"date-time":"2012-05-03T20:38:16Z","timestamp":1336077496000},"page":"563-567","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The Effects of Systemic, Topical, and Intralesional Steroid Treatments on Apoptosis Level of Nasal Polyps"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"147","author":[{"given":"Burak","family":"Kapucu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology GATA Haydarpasa Training Hospital Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Engin","family":"Cekin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology GATA Haydarpasa Training Hospital Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bulent Evren","family":"Erkul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology GATA Haydarpasa Training Hospital Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hakan","family":"Cincik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology GATA Haydarpasa Training Hospital Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atila","family":"Gungor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology GATA Haydarpasa Training Hospital Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ufuk","family":"Berber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology GATA Haydarpasa Training Hospital Istanbul 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