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The symposium has been organized in the United States every 4 years since, followed by a research conference to (a) assess major research accomplishments, (b) identify important research questions and opportunities, (c) develop consensus on definitions and terminology, and (d) establish priorities with short\u2010 and long\u2010term research goals. One of the principal areas reviewed quadrennially is Epidemiology, Natural History, and Risk Factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To provide a review of recent literature on the epidemiology, natural history, and risk factors for OM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Sources and Review Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A search of OM articles in English published July 2007 to June 2011 was conducted using PubMed and related databases. Those with findings judged of importance for epidemiology, public health, and\/or statistical methods were reviewed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The literature has continued to expand, increasing understanding of the worldwide burden of OM in childhood, complications from treatment failures, and comorbidities. Novel risk factors, including genetic factors, have been examined for OM susceptibility. Population\u2010based studies in Canada, the United States, and other countries confirmed reductions in OM prevalence. Although most studies concentrated on acute OM (AOM) or OM with effusion (OME), a few examined severe chronic suppurative OM (CSOM), a major public health problem in developing countries and for certain indigenous populations around the world.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Implications for Practice<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recent publications have reinforced earlier epidemiological findings, while extending our knowledge in human population groups with high burden of OM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599812460984","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,27]],"date-time":"2013-03-27T18:08:29Z","timestamp":1364407709000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Panel 1: Epidemiology, Natural History, and Risk Factors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"148","author":[{"given":"Howard J.","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Statistics Program National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen A.","family":"Daly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology and Division of Epidemiology University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen E.","family":"Bainbridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Statistics Program National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaretha L.","family":"Casselbrant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology Children's Hospital University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Preben","family":"Hom\u00f8e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head &amp; 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