{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T11:23:30Z","timestamp":1772969010730,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,24]],"date-time":"2013-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1358985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Determine the presence of nasopharynx biofilms in patients with nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) and osteoradionecrosis (ORN) and patients with NPC but no ORN.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tertiary referral medical center.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We enrolled 27 patients with NPC from our outpatient clinic during January 2010 to June 2012. These patients were diagnosed with NPC between 1980 and 2012, and all had received radiotherapy. Of these 27 patients, 15 presented with ORN, and 12 did not. The nasopharynx biopsied specimens were processed and analyzed within 2 hours of collection with the FilmTracer LIVE_DEAD Biofilm Viability Kit (Molecular Probes, Invitrogen, Carlsbad, California). A blinded investigator determined the formation of biofilms by fluorescence microscopy. Bacterial cultures were collected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eleven of 15 (73%) ORN patients had biofilm formations in nasopharynx biopsy specimens. Five of these samples (45%) yielded positive cultures, and 4 of these cultures indicated the presence of methicillin\u2010resistant <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> (MRSA). Only 1 of 12\u00a0NPC patients without ORN had nasopharynx biofilm formation, and all culture results were negative.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Biofilm formations were common in nasopharynx samples of NPC patients with ORN but rare in samples of NPC patients without ORN. The presence of biofilms, especially MRSA, may have a role in the disease progression of ORN or may contribute to the chronicity and resistance to antibiotic treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599812474971","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,24]],"date-time":"2013-01-24T23:00:47Z","timestamp":1359068447000},"page":"633-636","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Biofilm Formations in Nasopharyngeal Tissues of Patients with Nasopharyngeal Osteoradionecrosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"148","author":[{"given":"Yih\u2010Jeng","family":"Tsai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Shin Kong Wu\u2010Ho\u2010Su Memorial Hospital Taipei Taiwan Republic of China"},{"name":"School of Medicine Fu\u2010Jen Catholic University Taipei Taiwan Republic of China"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry Fu\u2010Jen Catholic University Taipei Taiwan Republic of China"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Basic Medicine Fu\u2010Jen Catholic University Taipei Taiwan Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu\u2010Chi","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Shin Kong Wu\u2010Ho\u2010Su Memorial Hospital Taipei Taiwan Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen\u2010Bin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Fu\u2010Jen Catholic University Taipei Taiwan Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Po\u2010Han","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Shin Kong Wu\u2010Ho\u2010Su Memorial Hospital Taipei Taiwan Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian 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