{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T18:03:49Z","timestamp":1793815429062,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,12]],"date-time":"2013-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1365724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000097","name":"National Center for Research Resources","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000097","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Test the Velopharyngeal Insufficiency (VPI) Effects on Life Outcomes (VELO) instrument for validity, reliability, and responsiveness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Observational cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Academic tertiary medical center.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children with VPI (n = 59) and their parents (n = 84) were prospectively enrolled from a pediatric VPI clinic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pediatric speech language pathologists diagnosed VPI using perceptual speech analysis and rated VPI severity and speech intelligibility deficit (each as minimal, mild, moderate, or severe). All parents and youth 8+ years old (n = 24) completed the VELO instrument and other quality\u2010of\u2010life questionnaires at baseline; the first 40 subjects completed the VELO instrument again 2 weeks later. Treatments included Furlow palatoplasty (n = 20), sphincter pharyngoplasty (n = 14), or an obturator (n = 2), and 29 of 36 (81%) subjects completed the questionnaires 3\u00a0months posttreatment. VELO was tested with correlations for criterion validity against VPI severity, construct validity against speech intelligibility and velopharyngeal gap size, and concurrent validity against other quality\u2010of\u2010life measures (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> &gt;. 40 demonstrating validity); for test\u2010retest reliability using intraclass correlation (&gt;.6 demonstrating reliability); and for responsiveness with the 3\u2010month posttreatment measure using the paired <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Parental responses are reported; youth responses showed similar results. The VELO instrument did not meet criterion validity (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = \u2013.18, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =. 10), or functional construct validity (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = \u2013.37, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =. 001), but did meet anatomic construct and concurrent validity (each <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> &gt;. 50, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;. 01). VELO scores demonstrated excellent test\u2010retest reliability (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> =. 85, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;. 001) and responsiveness (baseline 54 \u00b1 14 to posttreatment 70 \u00b1 18, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;. 001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>VELO provides a VPI\u2010specific quality\u2010of\u2010life instrument that demonstrates concurrent validity, test\u2010retest reliability, and responsiveness to change in quality of life with treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599813486081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,12]],"date-time":"2013-04-12T23:07:32Z","timestamp":1365808052000},"page":"304-311","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["Validity and Responsiveness of VELO: A Velopharyngeal Insufficiency Quality of Life Measure"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"149","author":[{"given":"Jonathan R.","family":"Skirko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward M.","family":"Weaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan A.","family":"Perkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Seattle Children's Hospital Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Kinter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Children's Hospital Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Eblen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Children's Hospital Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen C.Y.","family":"Sie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Seattle Children's Hospital Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-198903001-00018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/2013.jamaoto.122"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.133.3.224"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2005.11.028"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"II7","volume":"38","author":"Health outcomes methodology","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-200009002-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.128.8.919"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2004.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.132.7.717"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)90884-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(76)90113-5"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"85","article-title":"Cleft palate speech and velopharyngeal insufficiency: surgical approach","volume":"2","author":"Sie KC","year":"2006","journal-title":"B\u2010ENT"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.132.9.947"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-979282"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2006.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.112.1.155"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-198903001-00015"}],"container-title":["Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0194599813486081","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0194599813486081","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0194599813486081","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T11:30:19Z","timestamp":1760959819000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0194599813486081"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,12]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0194599813486081"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0194599813486081","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0194-5998","1097-6817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0194-5998","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-6817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-10-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-03-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-04-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}