{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T23:54:59Z","timestamp":1789170899259,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,24]],"date-time":"2013-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is common in children, the influence of race and socioeconomic status (SES) on the diagnosis\/treatment of CRS has not been evaluated. We describe the epidemiology of children with CRS in a pediatric otolaryngology clinic and evaluate demographic differences when compared to a group of children referred for a general pediatric otolaryngology evaluation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Historical cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tertiary academic care center.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>All new\/consult patients (March 1, 2008\u2013July 1, 2011) in a tertiary pediatric otolaryngology clinic with primary diagnosis of CRS were compared to a control group that consisted of all new\/consult patients seen in the same clinic over 3\u00a0months. Records were evaluated for variables including age, sex, race, and insurance. Characteristics were compared between groups using Mann\u2010Whitney and Fisher's exact tests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred and seventy\u2010four children with CRS were compared to 430 controls. When compared to the general pediatric otolaryngology population, children with CRS were older (8.2 \u00b1 4.4 years vs 5.9 \u00b1 4.8 years; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;. 0001) and more commonly male (63% vs 52%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =. 018). When compared to controls, children with CRS were more likely to be white (CRS 77% white, 10% black, 13% other vs control 47% white, 33% black, 20% other; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;. 0001, risk ratio [RR] = 2.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0\u20103.7). Likewise, children with CRS were less commonly insured with medical assistance (CRS 14% vs control 44%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;. 0001; RR = 0.3; 95% CI, 0.21\u20100.45).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>When compared to the general population of children seen in this academic urban pediatric otolaryngology setting, children with CRS were more likely to be white and privately insured. This study is the first to evaluate race and SES in relationship to pediatric CRS. Future research should employ nationally representative data to assess the true demographic variation in children with CRS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599813498206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,25]],"date-time":"2013-07-25T09:58:23Z","timestamp":1374746303000},"page":"639-644","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Children: Race and Socioeconomic Status"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"149","author":[{"given":"David F.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stacey L.","family":"Ishman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Pediatrics &amp; Internal Medicine\u2013Division of Pulmonary &amp; Critical Care Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Tunkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily F.","family":"Boss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety and Quality Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"The Department of Health and Human Services action plan to reduce racial and ethnic health disparities: a nation free of disparities in health and health care.http:\/\/minorityhealth.hhs.gov\/npa\/files\/Plans\/HHS\/HHS_Plan_complete.pdf. 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