{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T21:01:50Z","timestamp":1789938110436,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,23]],"date-time":"2013-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1382486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,23]],"date-time":"2013-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1382486400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000070","name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01EB009557"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EB009557"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000070","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To (1) quantify mucosal cooling (ie, heat loss) spatially in the nasal passages of nasal airway obstruction (NAO) patients before and after surgery using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and (2) correlate mucosal cooling with patient\u2010reported symptoms, as measured by the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) and a visual analog scale (VAS) for sensation of nasal airflow.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Academic tertiary medical center.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subjects and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Computed tomography (CT) scans and NOSE and VAS surveys were obtained from 10 patients before and after surgery to relieve NAO. Three\u2010dimensional models of each patient's nasal anatomy were used to run steady\u2010state CFD simulations of airflow and heat transfer during inspiration. Heat loss across the nasal vestibule and the entire nasal cavity, as well as the surface area of mucosa exposed to heat fluxes &gt;50\u00a0W\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , were compared pre\u2010 and postoperatively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After surgery, heat loss increased significantly on the preoperative most obstructed side (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;. 0002). A larger surface area of nasal mucosa was exposed to heat fluxes &gt;50\u00a0W\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      after surgery. The best correlation between patient\u2010reported and CFD measures of nasal patency was obtained for NOSE against surface area in which heat fluxes were &gt;50\u00a0W\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      (Pearson\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = \u22120.76).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A significant postoperative increase in mucosal cooling correlates well with patients\u2019 perception of better nasal patency after NAO surgery. Computational fluid dynamics\u2013derived heat fluxes may prove to be a valuable predictor of success in NAO surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599813509776","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,24]],"date-time":"2013-10-24T00:00:23Z","timestamp":1382572823000},"page":"139-147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":117,"title":["Perception of Better Nasal Patency Correlates with Increased Mucosal Cooling after Surgery for Nasal Obstruction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"150","author":[{"given":"Corbin D.","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Biotechnology and Bioengineering Center Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guilherme J. 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