{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T13:33:43Z","timestamp":1788183223561,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,5]],"date-time":"2014-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1391558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study compared postoperative technical, quality\u2010of\u2010life, and cost outcomes following either robotic or open thyroidectomy for thyroid nodules and cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Sources<\/jats:title><jats:p>PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Review Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We examined relevant controlled trials, comparative effectiveness studies, and cohort studies for eligible publications. We calculated the pooled relative risk for key postoperative complications, mean differences for operative time, and standardized mean differences for length of stay (LOS) using random effects models. Quality\u2010of\u2010life outcomes were summarized in narrative form.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The meta\u2010analysis comprised 11 studies with 726 patients undergoing robotic transaxillary or axillo\u2010breast thyroidectomy and 1205 undergoing open thyroidectomy. There were no eligible cost\u2010related studies. Mean operative time for robotic thyroidectomy exceeded open thyroidectomy by 76.7\u00a0minutes, while no significant difference in LOS was identified. There were no significant differences in hematoma, seroma, recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, hypocalcemia, or chyle leak rates. The systematic review included 12 studies. Voice, swallowing, pain, and paresthesia outcomes showed no significant differences between the 2 approaches. The robotic cohort reported higher cosmetic satisfaction scores, although follow\u2010up periods did not exceed 3\u00a0months and no validated questionnaires were used.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Transaxillary and axillo\u2010breast robotic and open thyroidectomy demonstrate similar complication rates, but robotic approaches may introduce the risk of new complications and require longer operative times. Robotic thyroidectomy appears to improve cosmetic outcomes, although longer follow\u2010up periods and use of validated instruments are needed to more rigorously examine this effect.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599814521779","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,6]],"date-time":"2014-02-06T00:45:14Z","timestamp":1391647514000},"page":"520-532","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":117,"title":["Systematic Review and Meta\u2010analysis of Robotic vs Conventional Thyroidectomy Approaches for Thyroid Disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"150","author":[{"given":"Gordon H.","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA"},{"name":"Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Clinical Scholars University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA"},{"name":"VA Center for Clinical Management Research Ann Arbor VA Healthcare System Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilia","family":"Peress","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa A.","family":"Pynnonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"33","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/014107689809133S02","article-title":"The history of thyroidectomy","volume":"91","author":"Giddings AE","year":"1998","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-193204000-00001","article-title":"A history of thyroid surgery","volume":"95","author":"Hegner CF","year":"1932","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1007\/s004649900476","article-title":"Endoscopic right thyroid lobectomy","volume":"11","author":"Huscher CS","year":"1997","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(09)70379-1","article-title":"Minimally invasive surgery for head and neck cancer","volume":"11","author":"Goh HK","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2012.2210.ed","article-title":"Pros and cons of robotic transaxillary thyroidectomy","volume":"22","author":"Patel D","year":"2012","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2009.05.029","article-title":"Advanced approaches for thyroid surgery","volume":"141","author":"Kuppersmith RB","year":"2009","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2538","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-011-1628-0","article-title":"Multicenter study of robotic thyroidectomy: short\u2010term postoperative outcomes and surgeon ergonomic considerations","volume":"18","author":"Lee J","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.23223","article-title":"Safety of robotic thyroidectomy approaches: meta\u2010analysis and systematic review","volume":"36","author":"Jackson NR","year":"2014","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7819-10-239","article-title":"Robotic thyroidectomy versus endoscopic thyroidectomy: a meta\u2010analysis","volume":"10","author":"Lin S","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta\u2010analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"151","author":"Moher D","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","unstructured":"SunGH PeressL PynnonenMA.Meta\u2010analysis of robotic vs. conventional thyroidectomy approaches for thyroid disease.National Institute for Health Research.2013.www.crd.york.ac.uk\/PROSPERO\/display_record.asp?ID=CRD42012003331. 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