{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T04:54:48Z","timestamp":1781499288531,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,13]],"date-time":"2014-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1394668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>(1) To determine the association between socioeconomic status (SES), race\/ethnicity, and other demographic risk factors in surgically managed otitis media within a model of universal health care. 2) To determine quality of life (QOL) outcomes of surgically managed otitis media in this model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tertiary academic medical center.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective study was conducted between June 2011 and December 2012 with dependent children of military families. TRICARE provides equal access to care among all beneficiaries regardless of a wide range of annual incomes. Caretakers of children scheduled for bilateral myringotomy and tympanostomy tube (BMT) placement were administered a demographic survey, as well as OM\u20106 QOL instrument preoperatively and 6 weeks postoperatively. A control group who did not undergo BMT was also administered both the survey and OM\u20106 for comparison.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two hundred forty patients were enrolled (120 surgical patients and 120 controls). Logistic regression demonstrated age younger than 6 years old (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;. 001), day care attendance (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;. 001), and non\u2010Hispanic Caucasian race (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =. 022) to be associated with surgery. Surgical QOL outcomes demonstrated a significant improvement in otitis media\u20106 (OM\u20106) scores after surgical management from 3.00 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.79\u20103.20) to 1.35 (95% CI, 1.22\u20101.47).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a universal health care model serving more than 2\u00a0million children, previously reported proxies of low SES as well as minority race\/ethnicity were not associated with surgically managed otitis media contrary to reported literature. Caucasian race, young age, and day care attendance were associated with surgery. Surgery improved QOL outcomes 6 weeks postoperatively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599814525570","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,14]],"date-time":"2014-03-14T01:10:25Z","timestamp":1394759425000},"page":"137-141","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Surgery for Otitis Media in a Universal Health Care Model: Socioeconomic Status and Race\/Ethnicity Effects"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"151","author":[{"given":"Art","family":"Ambrosio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery Naval Medical Center San Diego San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew T.","family":"Brigger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery Naval Medical Center San Diego San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20961"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599812468849"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.99.3.318"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2006.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21090"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","unstructured":"TRICARE website.http:\/\/www.TRICARE.mil\/. Accessed October 1 2013."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","unstructured":"Medicaid and CHIP program information.Medicaid.govwebsite.http:\/\/www.medicaid.gov\/Medicaid\u2010CHIP\u2010Program\u2010Information\/Medicaid\u2010and\u2010CHIP\u2010Program\u2010Information.html. Accessed October 20 2013."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","unstructured":"Office of the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense.2011 demographics: profile of the military community.http:\/\/www.militaryonesource.mil\/12038\/MOS\/Reports\/2011_Demographics_Report.pdf. Updated November 2012. Accessed October 1 2013."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","unstructured":"HumesKR JonesNA RamirezRR.Overview of race and Hispanic origin: 2010.Census.govwebsite.http:\/\/www.census.gov\/prod\/cen2010\/briefs\/c2010br\u201002.pdf. Published March 2011. Accessed October 1 2013."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","unstructured":"Defense Finance and Accounting Service. Military pay tables\u20141949 to 2014.http:\/\/www.dfas.mil\/militarymembers\/payentitlements\/militarypaytables.html. Updated December 31 2013. Accessed October 1 2013."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1997.01900100019002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2004.tb02757.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(99)00424-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","unstructured":"Office for National Statistics.Size of ethnic groups: ONS estimates 2009.http:\/\/www.ethnicity.ac.uk\/population\/size.html. Accessed December 31 2013."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","unstructured":"Statistics Canada.Canadian demographics at a glance.http:\/\/www.statcan.gc.ca\/pub\/91\u2010003\u2010x\/91\u2010003\u2010x2007001\u2010eng.pdf. 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