{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T03:59:57Z","timestamp":1771991997717,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,26]],"date-time":"2014-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["30960103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["30960103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To explore the effects of 30\u00a0Gy of <jats:sup>60<\/jats:sup>Co \u03b3\u2010rays on apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in minipig parotid cells as a possible mechanism for radiation\u2010induced parotid injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Experimental study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Department of Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty male minipigs were divided into control and irradiated groups. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick\u2010end labeling was used for detecting apoptosis in the parotid cells, immunohistochemistry, and western blots were used to test expression of the B\u2010cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl\u20102) and BCL2\u2010associated X (Bax) proteins, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze the expression of Bcl\u20102, Bax, p53, and caspase\u20103\u00a0messenger ribonucleic acid. An enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect ROS levels in the parotid tissue.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>At each time point, the apoptotic rates in the irradiated group were higher than those in the control group. Furthermore, the ROS and expression levels of Bax, p53, and caspase\u20103\u00a0messenger ribonucleic acid and proteins gradually increased and were higher than those in the control group. Conversely, the expression of Bcl\u20102 was decreased in the irradiated group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;. 05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ionizing radiation induces the production of ROS and promotes changes in the expression of several apoptotic proteins, which increases apoptosis and likely contributes to the mechanism of radiation\u2010induced parotid injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599814528103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,27]],"date-time":"2014-03-27T20:18:10Z","timestamp":1395951490000},"page":"100-106","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Injury in Minipig Parotid Glands following Fractionated Exposure to 30\u00a0Gy of Ionizing Radiation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"151","author":[{"given":"Ren\u2010Sheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning Guangxi China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ting\u2010Ting","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning Guangxi China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhuo\u2010Hua","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning Guangxi China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning Guangxi China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning Guangxi China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sha","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning Guangxi China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hai\u2010Ying","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning Guangxi China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"369","article-title":"Effects of head and neck radiotherapy on major salivary glands\u2010animal studies and human implications","volume":"17","author":"Nagler RM","year":"2003","journal-title":"In 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