{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T16:44:26Z","timestamp":1783356266861,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,3]],"date-time":"2014-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1396483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to determine the feasibility of using probe\u2010based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) in the diagnostic differentiation of non\u2010neoplastic lesions from precancerous and cancerous lesions of head and neck patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diagnostic test evaluation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Louisiana State University Health Shreveport.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intravenous injection of fluorescein was given to patients with precancerous and cancerous head and neck lesions (n = 21) followed by the use of a 1.8\u2010mm GastroFlex probe in the oral cavity with subsequent biopsies of selected areas. Probe\u2010based confocal laser endomicroscopy images were compared to histologic evaluation of visualized sites using sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The dorsal surface of the tongue was not well visualized. The remaining nonkeratinized subsites, including the buccal mucosa, floor of mouth, and ventral tongue, were well visualized. Diagnoses based on pCLE images correlated well with the gold standard diagnoses based on tissue histology. The overall sensitivity for diagnosis of dysplasia versus nondysplasia was 80.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 62.0\u201098.0), specificity and PPV were 100%, and the NPV was 80.0% (95% CI, 60.0\u2010100.0). The overall specificity, sensitivity, PPV, and NPV for pCLE diagnosis of carcinoma versus nondysplasia were 100%. The overall sensitivity for diagnosis of carcinoma versus dysplasia was 85.7% (95% CI, 73.0\u201099.0), specificity and PPV were 100%, and the NPV was 80.0% (95% CI, 60.0\u2010100.0).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The pCLE is a promising method for differentiating between nondysplastic, precancerous, and cancerous lesions of the head and neck.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599814528660","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,4]],"date-time":"2014-04-04T02:13:09Z","timestamp":1396577589000},"page":"73-80","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy in the Detection of Head and Neck Precancerous Lesions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"151","author":[{"given":"Cherie\u2010Ann O.","family":"Nathan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery Louisiana 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