{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T20:23:12Z","timestamp":1790022192925,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,4]],"date-time":"2014-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1396569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006441","name":"Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale School of Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006441","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Macrophages are major producers of inflammatory cytokines; however, their role in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has not been clearly defined. The aim of this study was to quantify macrophages in sinus tissue of patients with various subtypes of CRS and determine the impact of atopic status on macrophage infiltrate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective immunohistochemical study of human sinonasal tissue.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Academic medical center.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human sinonasal tissue was taken from patients with CRS with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP, n = 8), CRS without nasal polyposis (CRSsNP, n = 8), and controls (n = 8) undergoing surgery for CSF leak repair or endoscopic excision of non\u2010secreting pituitary tumor. Samples were immunohistochemically stained for macrophage\/monocyte markers Mac387 and CD68.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>CRSwNP patients had significantly increased numbers of Mac387 and CD68 cells compared to control patients (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;. 05) or CRSsNP patients (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;. 01). CRSsNP had significantly increased number of cells staining for CD68 compared to controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;. 05). The increased presence of macrophages measured by either marker in CRSwNP was independent of atopic status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Macrophages are increased in CSRwNP patients regardless of atopic status and may contribute to the immunopathology of CRS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599814528672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,4]],"date-time":"2014-04-04T22:53:50Z","timestamp":1396652030000},"page":"215-220","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Macrophage Infiltrate Is Elevated in CRSwNP Sinonasal Tissue Regardless of Atopic Status"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"151","author":[{"given":"Caroline A.","family":"Banks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodney J.","family":"Schlosser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric W.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah E.","family":"Casey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan M.","family":"Mulligan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer K.","family":"Mulligan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA"},{"name":"Ralph H. 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