{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T12:27:02Z","timestamp":1763036822371,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,30]],"date-time":"2014-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1398816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Minimally invasive, transnasal endoscopic approaches to the larynx have been utilized but are limited by the precision and accuracy afforded to the surgeon. The objective of this study is to analyze the feasibility of a rapidly deployable telerobotic system for enabling transnasal microsurgery of the larynx and upper airways, specifically injection laryngoplasty.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a feasibility study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study was conducted at a laboratory in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Vanderbilt University.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A feasibility study was conducted in which a telerobotic system was transnasally inserted in both a human intubation trainer mannequin and a cadaver. A flexible needle was passed through an instrumentation port and targeted specific areas of the vocal folds of our models to simulate injection laryngoplasty. The experiments were recorded with both still and video photography. Average forces exerted on surrounding tissue and times of deployment were measured.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our robot was able to expeditiously gain access to the glottis with an average manual insertion time of 5.87\u00a0seconds while exerting minimal forces on the surrounding tissues with an average force of 4.45\u00a0Newtons. The onboard fiberoptic endoscope conveyed images of adequate quality for the completion of a simulated injection medialization laryngoplasty. The experiment was successfully completed in both mannequin and cadaveric models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This telerobotic system proved to be capable of being rapidly deployed to the upper airways while exerting minimal forces to the surrounding structures and successfully simulated injection medialization laryngoplasty.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599814530859","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]],"date-time":"2014-05-01T01:43:02Z","timestamp":1398908582000},"page":"107-111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Evaluation of a Telerobotic System for Transnasal Surgery of the Larynx and Airways in Cadavers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"151","author":[{"given":"Latif M.","family":"Dharamsi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Bajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James L.","family":"Netterville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. Gaelyn","family":"Garrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nabil","family":"Simaan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348941502400301"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2008.01.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.23237"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MLG.0000159202.04941.67"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mechmachtheory.2007.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archoto.2010.191"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599813503446"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"232","article-title":"Robotic\u2010assisted micro\u2010surgery of the throat: the trans\u2010nasal approach","volume":"2013","author":"Bajo A","journal-title":"IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000184316.51516.83"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-1810(98)80010-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940411300403"}],"container-title":["Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0194599814530859","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0194599814530859","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0194599814530859","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T09:15:17Z","timestamp":1760951717000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0194599814530859"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,30]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0194599814530859"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0194599814530859","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0194-5998","1097-6817"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0194-5998"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1097-6817"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-11-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-03-18","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-04-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}