{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T02:26:04Z","timestamp":1792290364761,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,3]],"date-time":"2014-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1401753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Many medications have the potential for ototoxicity. To potentiate management of this risk, this study examines malpractice litigation trends of lawsuits involving hearing loss associated with medication use. As experts in hearing loss, it may benefit otolaryngologists to be familiar with this information.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective review.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>All US civil trials.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Court records of legal trials from 1987 to 2012 were obtained from 2\u00a0major computerized databases. Data were compiled on the demographics of the defendant and plaintiff, use of otolaryngologists as expert witnesses, medication used, legal allegations, verdicts, and judgments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010six unique cases met inclusion criteria and were selected for review. Antibiotics (72%), specifically aminoglycosides (47%), were the most common medications cited as causing hearing loss. Eleven (22%) cases were resolved through a settlement before a verdict was reached. Verdicts in favor of the plaintiffs (37%) were awarded an average of $1,134,242. Pediatric patients were more likely to have outcomes in their favor (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =. 03) compared to adults. Of the cases found in favor of the plaintiff, the most common reasons cited were inappropriate medication, dose, or duration (59%); failure to properly monitor (39%); and failure to choose a less toxic medication (18%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Physicians must be aware of the potential effects of the medications they prescribe. An understanding of potential drug interactions, proper monitoring, and appropriate substitution with less toxic medications are important to improve patient care. Analyzing litigation trends may be used to prevent future lawsuits and improve physician awareness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599814536850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,4]],"date-time":"2014-06-04T00:10:56Z","timestamp":1401840656000},"page":"431-437","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Medication Associated with Hearing Loss: 25 Years of Medical Malpractice Cases in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"151","author":[{"given":"Douglas S.","family":"Ruhl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tripler Army Medical Center Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery Honolulu Hawaii USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin B.","family":"Cable","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tripler Army Medical Center Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery Honolulu Hawaii USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Martell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tripler Army Medical Center Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery Honolulu Hawaii USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.23608"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","volume-title":"Policy Research Perspectives\u2014Medical Liability Claim Frequency: A 2007\u20102008 Snapshot of Physicians","author":"Kane C","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2012.04.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e318298a8fb"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2012.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.129.1.50"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599813498696"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.22136"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599813475566"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","unstructured":"ASHA.Ototoxic drugs can damage hearing.http:\/\/www.asha.org\/about\/news\/tipsheets\/ototoxic.htm."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/hhd9.1.17"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0b013e318059c220"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1286618"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","first-page":"601","article-title":"Pharmacological drugs inducing ototoxicity, vestibular symptoms and tinnitus: a reasoned and updated guide","volume":"15","author":"Cianfrone G","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-0186"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2003.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","first-page":"509","article-title":"Bioethics for clinicians: 23. Disclosure of medical error","volume":"164","author":"Hebert PC","year":"2001","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","volume-title":"Head & Neck Surgery\u2014Otolaryngology","author":"Schuman RM","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","first-page":"375","article-title":"Hearing loss\u2014risk factor for cisplatin ototoxicity? 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