{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T13:07:32Z","timestamp":1762866452249,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,4]],"date-time":"2014-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1407110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recent advances in endoscopic technology have allowed its application to middle ear surgery. An antifog agent is necessary for endoscopy because moisture and blood may obscure visibility. Ultrastop is one of the most commonly used antifog agents. The current study examined the ototoxic effect of topical application of Ultrastop in the guinea pig ear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A preliminary experimental animal study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>University hospital.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighteen male Hartley guinea pigs (weight, 480\u2010620\u00a0g) were divided into 3\u00a0groups to be treated with Ultrastop, gentamicin (50\u00a0mg\/mL, positive control), or saline solution (negative control). After auditory brainstem responses were measured, topical solutions of 0.2\u00a0mL were applied through a small hole made at the tympanic bulla. Posttreatment auditory brainstem responses were obtained 14\u00a0days after the treatment. The extent of middle ear damage was investigated and scored.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The saline\u2010treated group showed no deterioration in auditory brainstem response threshold. The Ultrastop\u2010treated and gentamicin\u2010treated groups showed severe deterioration in auditory brainstem response threshold. Middle ear examination revealed extensive changes in the Ultrastop\u2010treated group and medium changes in the gentamicin\u2010treated group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ultrastop applied topically to the guinea pig middle ear caused significant middle ear inflammation and hearing impairment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599814545749","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,5]],"date-time":"2014-08-05T02:25:45Z","timestamp":1407205545000},"page":"840-844","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Ototoxic Effect of Ultrastop Antifog Solution Applied to the Guinea Pig Middle Ear"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"151","author":[{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Nomura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Miyagi 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