{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T13:26:29Z","timestamp":1780493189939,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,19]],"date-time":"2014-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1411084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The pathogenesis of human chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) remains undetermined. Livin is a member of the inhibitor of the apoptosis protein family proteins. Caspase\u20103 and second mitochondria\u2010derived activator of caspases (Smac) are critical in the induction of apoptosis. However, little is known about their roles in CRSwNP. We aimed to investigate the expression and role of Livin, caspase\u20103, and Smac in CRSwNP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Basic research and descriptive study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The immunohistochemistry method was employed for detecting Livin, caspase\u20103, and Smac protein expression, and real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction was used for assaying mRNA expression of Livin, caspase\u20103, and Smac in CRSwNP and controls. Moreover, the effects of various stimulators on Livin were evaluated on human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) culture. Then, the effects of Livin on caspase\u20103 and Smac were observed on the culture of HNECs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stronger protein and mRNA expression of Livin was observed in CRSwNP, especially eosinophilic CRSwNP, weaker protein and mRNA expression of caspase\u20103 and Smac was observed in CRSwNP, and Livin expression was negatively related to caspase\u20103 or Smac expression, respectively. Livin mRNA was augmented by interleukin (IL)\u20134, IL\u201017A, and IL\u20101\u03b2 but suppressed by interferon\u2010\u03b3. Caspase\u20103 and Smac mRNA expression were inhibited by Livin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Upregulation of Livin and downregulation of caspase\u20103 and Smac were observed in CRSwNP, especially in eosinophilic CRSwNP. Livin may exert its anti\u2010apoptosis effect by suppressing caspase\u20103 and Smac in CRSwNP. IL\u20104, IL\u201017A, and IL\u20101\u03b2 may be critical for Livin expression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599814551142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,20]],"date-time":"2014-09-20T02:38:42Z","timestamp":1411180722000},"page":"1067-1072","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Differential Expression of Livin, Caspase\u20103, and Second Mitochondria\u2010Derived Activator of Caspases in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"151","author":[{"given":"Hai","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai China"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Fuzhou General Hospital Fuzhou Fujian China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Chemical Engineering Fuqing Branch of Fujian Normal University Fuqing Fujian China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xisheng","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Fuzhou General Hospital Fuzhou Fujian China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599813516277"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2006.01225.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.201005-036RN"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-011-0873-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2013.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-59980300085-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-012-2352-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhino12.000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/474203"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200208000-00020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21208"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940010900306"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.07.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-06-0443"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000346929"}],"container-title":["Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0194599814551142","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0194599814551142","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0194599814551142","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T09:15:49Z","timestamp":1760951749000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0194599814551142"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,19]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0194599814551142"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0194599814551142","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0194-5998","1097-6817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0194-5998","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-6817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-05-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-08-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-09-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}