{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:56:01Z","timestamp":1788872161017,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]],"date-time":"2014-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417392000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Habitual open\u2010mouth breathing (OMB) during sleep can cause snoring and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This study used a porous oral patch (POP) to treat patients with mild OSA and OMB during sleep. The subjective and objective outcomes were evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tertiary referral center.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with \u22655 events hourly but &lt;15 hourly on the apnea\u2010hypopnea index (AHI) were enrolled. All patients slept with their mouths closed by using the POP, which is a porous skin pad consisting of 3 layers: silicone sheet, polyurethane foam, and polyurethane film. Before treatment and during treatment, subjective outcomes were assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and visual analog scale (VAS) of snoring. Objective outcomes were assessed using polysomnography and cephalometry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty patients were enrolled in this study. All patients slept with their mouths closed while using a POP. The ESS and VAS of snoring scores were 8.1 \u00b1 1.5 and 7.5 \u00b1 2.0 before the POP, respectively, in contrast to 5.2 \u00b1 1.6 and 2.4 \u00b1 1.4 while using a POP, respectively (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;. 05). The median AHI score was significantly decreased by using a POP from 12.0 per hour before treatment to 7.8 per hour during treatment (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;. 01). The snoring intensity and median snoring index were 49.1 \u00b1 10.8\u00a0dB and 146.7 per hour before the POP, respectively, which decreased to 41.1 \u00b1 7.8\u00a0dB and 40.0 per hour while using a POP, respectively (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;. 01). Cephalometry revealed that the retropalatal space and retrolingual space were 7.4 \u00b1 1.6\u00a0mm and 6.8 \u00b1 2.5\u00a0mm before the POP, respectively, compared with 8.6 \u00b1 1.2\u00a0mm and 10.2 \u00b1 1.8\u00a0mm during treatment, respectively (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;. 01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The POP is a useful device to treat patients with mild OSA and habitual OMB.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599814559383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,2]],"date-time":"2014-12-02T03:06:22Z","timestamp":1417489582000},"page":"369-373","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Novel Porous Oral Patches for Patients with Mild Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Mouth Breathing"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"152","author":[{"given":"Tsung\u2010Wei","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Far Eastern Memorial Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Health Care Administration Oriental Institute of Technology Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tai\u2010Horng","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering College of Medicine and College of Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei 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