{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:30:53Z","timestamp":1776213053693,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,24]],"date-time":"2014-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1416787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Keratosis obturans (KO) and external auditory canal cholesteatoma (EACC) have been considered separate entities. While the disorders are distinct, they share many overlapping characteristics, making a correct diagnosis difficult. In the present study, we compared their clinical characteristics and radiological features to clarify the diagnostic criteria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective case series.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Academic medical center.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The clinical data of 23 cases of EACC and KO were retrospectively reviewed. The following clinical characteristics were compared between the 2\u00a0groups: sex, age, onset of symptoms, follow\u2010up period, audiometric results, and imaging findings on temporal bone computed tomography including bilaterality, location, and the presence of extension to adjacent tissue.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean age of the EACC group was significantly older than that of the KO group. All of the cases of EACC occurred unilaterally, and bilateral occurrences of KO were observed in 4 of 9 cases. All of the lesions in the KO group were circumferential, and no lesion in the EACC group invaded the superior canal wall. No significant differences in symptoms, such as acute otalgia, otorrhea, and hearing loss, were noted between the 2\u00a0groups. The incidence of conductive hearing impairment more than 10\u00a0dB was higher in the KO group than in the EACC group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thus, KO and EACC are 2 distinct disease entities that share common features in clinical characteristics except for predominant age and bilaterality. Conservative treatment with meticulous cleaning of the lesion was successful in most cases with a long\u2010term follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599814559384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,24]],"date-time":"2014-11-24T23:17:06Z","timestamp":1416871026000},"page":"326-330","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Clinical Characteristics of Keratosis Obturans and External Auditory Canal Cholesteatoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"152","author":[{"given":"So Young","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young Hoon","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeong\u2010Hoon","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.5540900303"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2273.2004.00898.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"161","article-title":"Ear canal cholesteatoma and bone absorption","volume":"72","author":"Bunting WP","year":"1968","journal-title":"Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6815-6-16"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014556131109001210"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e318277a5c8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0b013e32833da84e"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1984.00800360062016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"361","article-title":"Cholesteatoma of the external auditory canal and keratosis obturans","volume":"7","author":"Shire JR","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1997.01900010072010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAo.0b013e318185fb20"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000157847.70907.42"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"751","article-title":"External auditory canal cholesteatoma: clinical and imaging spectrum","volume":"24","author":"Heilbrun ME","year":"2003","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3342\/ceo.2010.3.1.24"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2011.02.041"}],"container-title":["Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0194599814559384","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0194599814559384","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0194599814559384","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T11:39:13Z","timestamp":1760960353000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0194599814559384"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,24]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0194599814559384"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0194599814559384","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0194-5998","1097-6817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0194-5998","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-6817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-06-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-10-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-11-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}