{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:05:20Z","timestamp":1787018720347,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,27]],"date-time":"2015-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the anatomy of the upper airway (UA) of a representative sample of the adult population of S\u00e3o Paulo city, Brazil, and to identify factors associated with the presence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), as confirmed using full\u2010night polysomnography (PSG).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Population\u2010based sample.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 3\u2010stage sampling procedure was used to proportionally recruit adult residents of S\u00e3o Paulo city according to gender, age, and socioeconomic status. A complete evaluation was performed, including a systematic evaluation of the UA prior to conducting PSG.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nine\u2010hundred ninety\u2010three (90.2%) of the participants were seen by an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist. Individuals who were diagnosed with OSAS (32.9%) presented a higher frequency of nasal symptoms and structural abnormalities (both nasal and oropharyngeal) compared with those without OSAS. No anatomical differences were observed in the facial skeleton. An abnormal nasal structure visible via anterior rhinoscopy was the only UA factor predicting OSAS after adjustments for the other common OSAS risk factors (male sex, aging, obesity, and increased neck circumference).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is the first study in which a systematic evaluation of the UA was followed by a sleep study in a population\u2010based sample. In a sample of the general population that had not previously been screened for OSAS, having an abnormal nasal structure was found to be a risk factor for OSAS, in conjunction with other well\u2010established clinical and demographic factors, such as male gender, increased age, increased neck circumference, and body mass index.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599815577598","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,29]],"date-time":"2015-03-29T00:53:00Z","timestamp":1427590380000},"page":"663-670","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Systematic Evaluation of the Upper Airway in a Sample Population"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"153","author":[{"given":"Maria Claudia","family":"Soares Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabe\u00e7a e Pesco\u00e7o Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Tufik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disciplina de Medicina e Biologia do Sono\u2010Departamento de Psicobiologia Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernanda","family":"Louise Martinho Haddad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabe\u00e7a e Pesco\u00e7o Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Disciplina de Medicina e Biologia do Sono\u2010Departamento de Psicobiologia Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rogerio","family":"Santos\u2010Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disciplina de Medicina e Biologia do Sono\u2010Departamento de Psicobiologia Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis Carlos","family":"Greg\u00f3rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabe\u00e7a e Pesco\u00e7o Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lia","family":"Bittencourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disciplina de Medicina e Biologia do Sono\u2010Departamento de Psicobiologia Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"240","volume-title":"Sleep Medicine and Biology","author":"Bittencourt LR"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-0040"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199912000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200306000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MLG.0000163494.19965.DC"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2008.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","volume-title":"State Foundation for Data Analysis"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118032619"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","unstructured":"Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics.http:\/\/www.ibge.gov.br\/cidadesat\/index.php. 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