{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T20:31:32Z","timestamp":1782246692489,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,31]],"date-time":"2015-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To develop general and site\u2010specific treatment effect and outcome measures to standardize the reporting of head and neck lymphatic malformation (HNLM) treatments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Consensus statement\/expert opinion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multiple tertiary academic institutions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The modified Delphi method is an iterative process of collecting expert opinions, refining opinions through discussion and feedback, statistically aggregating opinions, and using these aggregates to generate consensus opinion in the absence of other data. The modified Delphi method was used by a multi\u2010institutional group of otolaryngology and interventional radiology experts in the field of vascular anomalies to formulate a list of recommended reporting outcomes for the study and treatment of head and neck lymphatic malformations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Through 3 rounds of iteration, 10 expert panelists refined 98 proposed outcome measures and 9 outcome categories to a final consensus set of 50 recommended outcome measures in 3 global categories (general, demographics, and treatment complications) and 5 site\u2010specific categories (orbit, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, and neck).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We propose the first consensus set of standardized reporting measures for clinical and treatment outcomes in studies of HNLMs. Consistent outcome measures across future studies will facilitate comparison of treatment options and allow systematic review. We hope that these guidelines facilitate the design and reporting of subsequent HNLM studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599815577602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]],"date-time":"2015-04-01T18:31:04Z","timestamp":1427913064000},"page":"948-953","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Standardized Outcome and Reporting Measures in Pediatric Head and Neck Lymphatic Malformations"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"152","author":[{"given":"Karthik","family":"Balakrishnan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Bauman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s National Medical Center Washington, DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert H.","family":"Chun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David H.","family":"Darrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eastern Virginia Medical School Norfolk Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Fredrik","family":"Grimmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan A.","family":"Perkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gresham T.","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock Arkansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer J.","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giridhar M.","family":"Shivaram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas R.","family":"Sidell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravindhra G.","family":"Elluru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dayton Children\u2019s Hospital Dayton Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies.ISSVA classification for vascular anomalies.http:\/\/www.issva.org\/content.aspx?page_id=22&club_id=298433&module_id=152904.Accessed July 14 2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2010.02.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599812450838"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1329934"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2013.5849"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599812453552"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","volume-title":"Consensus Methods: Characteristics and Guidelines for Use","author":"Fink A","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","volume-title":"The Delphi Method: An Experimental Study of Group Opinion","author":"Dalkey NC","year":"1969"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","volume-title":"Delphi Process: A Methodology Used for the Elicitation of Opinions of Experts","author":"Brown BB","year":"1968"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","volume-title":"Prioritization Process Using Delphi Technique","author":"Cline A","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/1754762811Y.0000000031"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599812460376"}],"container-title":["Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0194599815577602","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0194599815577602","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0194599815577602","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T12:56:53Z","timestamp":1760965013000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0194599815577602"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,31]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0194599815577602"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0194599815577602","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0194-5998","1097-6817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0194-5998","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-6817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-08-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-02-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-03-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}