{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T12:40:01Z","timestamp":1774528801889,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,5]],"date-time":"2015-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1433462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2010HM001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2010HM001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this study was to investigate the expression and role of surfactant protein (SP) in the middle ear throughout lipopolysaccharide (LPS)\u2010induced otitis media with effusion (OME).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Randomized case\u2010controlled animal model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Shandong University, Jinan, China.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>SP expression was monitored using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in normal mice (n = 5). Two groups, control phosphate\u2010buffered saline\u2013injected mice (n = 5) and LPS\u2010injected mice (n = 5), were euthanized 5\u00a0days following injection. RNA was extracted for reverse transcription PCR and real\u2010time PCR, and temporal bone samples were used for hematoxylin and eosin staining. LPS was injected into mice, and 5\u00a0mice per test were euthanized at 0, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours following injection. For mRNA expression quantification, reverse transcription PCR and real\u2010time PCR were performed, and proinflammatory cytokine levels were measured by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>SP\u2010A and SP\u2010D expression was detected in normal murine Eustachian tubes. SP\u2010A expression was up\u2010regulated after LPS\u2010induced OME (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =. 01). At various time points after LPS injection, concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor\u2013\u03b1 [TNF\u2010\u03b1], interleukin (IL)\u20131\u03b2, and IL\u20106) in the middle ear increased significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;. 05) and correlated with changes in SP\u2010A expression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>SP\u2010A and SP\u2010D exist in the murine middle ear. The expression of SP\u2010A and TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20101\u03b2, and IL\u20106 was up\u2010regulated in the middle ear of the LPS\u2010induced OME animal model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599815587699","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,5]],"date-time":"2015-06-05T23:07:22Z","timestamp":1433545642000},"page":"433-439","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Expression of Surfactant Protein\u2013A during LPS\u2010Induced Otitis Media with Effusion in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"153","author":[{"given":"Li","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan P.R. China"},{"name":"Shandong Institute of Otolaryngology Jinan P.R. China"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology Jinan P.R. 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