{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T09:40:07Z","timestamp":1793094007639,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,8]],"date-time":"2015-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1436313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the impact on voice quality of 2 pathogenic factors involved in age\u2010related dysphonia: glottal gap and decline in respiratory function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional prospective.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Settings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tertiary referral center.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 105 healthy patients \u226565 years old were included, with a maximum phonation time \u226415\u00a0seconds for men and \u226412\u00a0seconds for women. Laryngostroboscopy and spirometry were conducted to assess the glottal gap and respiratory function, and 4 profiles were defined according to their combination: glottal deficit, respiratory deficit, combined deficit, and no deficit. Differences across profiles in phonation times, acoustic parameters, and GRBAS scale and Voice Handicap Index\u201310 scores were analyzed according to Kruskal\u2010Wallis and Mann\u2010Whitney nonparametric tests. Multiple regression was performed to estimate the influence of each pathogenic factor.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Respiratory deficit was the most frequent profile (37%). When compared to the other groups, patients with combined deficit had shorter phonation times for men (8.5\u00a0seconds; Kruskal\u2010Wallis, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =. 009) and women (7.8\u00a0seconds; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =. 003), worse jitter (8.3%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =. 001), GRBAS scale (5.8; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;. 001), and Voice Handicap Index\u201310 (7.7; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =. 002).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Age\u2010related respiratory and laryngeal changes have a negative impact on vocal quality, especially when both deficits are present.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599815592373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,8]],"date-time":"2015-07-08T22:44:46Z","timestamp":1436395486000},"page":"409-413","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["The Aging 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