{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T09:22:29Z","timestamp":1789809749650,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,17]],"date-time":"2015-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1447718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the 36\u2010month clinical and polysomnography (PSG) outcomes in an obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) cohort treated with hypoglossal cranial nerve upper airway stimulation (UAS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A multicenter prospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Industry\u2010supported multicenter academic and clinical setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants (n = 116) at 36\u00a0months from a cohort of 126 implanted participants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants were enrolled in a prospective phase III trial evaluating the efficacy of UAS for moderated to severe OSA. Prospective outcomes included apnea\u2010hypopnea index, oxygen desaturation index, other PSG measures, self\u2010reported measures of sleepiness, sleep\u2010related quality of life, and snoring.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 126 enrolled participants, 116 (92%) completed 36\u2010month follow\u2010up evaluation per protocol; 98 participants additionally agreed to a voluntary 36\u2010month PSG. Self\u2010report daily device usage was 81%. In the PSG group, 74% met the a priori definition of success with the primary outcomes of apnea\u2010hypopnea index, reduced from the median value of 28.2 events per hour at baseline to 8.7 and 6.2 at 12 and 36\u00a0months, respectively. Similarly, self\u2010reported outcomes improved from baseline to 12\u00a0months and were maintained at 36\u00a0months. Soft or no snoring reported by bed partner increased from 17% at baseline to 80% at 36\u00a0months. Serious device\u2010related adverse events were rare, with 1 elective device explantation from 12 to 36\u00a0months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Long\u2010term 3\u2010year improvements in objective respiratory and subjective quality\u2010of\u2010life outcome measures are maintained. Adverse events are uncommon. UAS is a successful and appropriate long\u2010term treatment for individuals with moderate to severe OSA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599815616618","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,17]],"date-time":"2015-11-17T22:19:12Z","timestamp":1447798752000},"page":"181-188","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":252,"title":["Three\u2010Year Outcomes of Cranial Nerve Stimulation for Obstructive Sleep Apnea"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"154","author":[{"given":"B. Tucker","family":"Woodson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan J.","family":"Soose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Boyd","family":"Gillespie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kingman P.","family":"Strohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"MD","given":"Joachim T.","family":"Maurer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Mannheim Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nico","family":"de Vries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Lucas Andreas Hospital Amsterdam Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David L.","family":"Steward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cincinnati Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan Z.","family":"Baskin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Safwan","family":"Badr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wayne State University Detroit Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ho\u2010sheng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wayne State University Detroit Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tapan A.","family":"Padhya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Florida College of Medicine Tampa Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Mickelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced ENT Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. McDowell","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Florida College of Medicine Tampa Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier M.","family":"Vanderveken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antwerp University Hospital Edegem Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Patrick J.","family":"Strollo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"STAR Trial Investigators","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"246","article-title":"Burden of sleep apnea: rationale, design, and major findings of the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort study","volume":"108","author":"Young T","year":"2009","journal-title":"WMJ"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60734-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/pop.2011.0102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.3418"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.2226"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.1870"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.23301"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.2658"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1308659"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599814544445"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.4666"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otot.2012.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","volume-title":"The AASM Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events: Rules, Terminology and Technical Specifications","author":"American Academy of Sleep Medicine","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.14\u20102261"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/30.6.711"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00131106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599812436472"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00059414"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.1380"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00042412"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12079"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","article-title":"Upper airway stimulation for obstructive sleep apnea: self\u2010reported outcomes at 24\u00a0months","author":"Soose RJ","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"}],"container-title":["Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0194599815616618","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0194599815616618","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0194599815616618","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T09:24:37Z","timestamp":1760952277000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0194599815616618"}},"subtitle":["The STAR Trial"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,17]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0194599815616618"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0194599815616618","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0194-5998","1097-6817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0194-5998","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-6817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-06-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-10-20","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-11-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}