{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T20:18:20Z","timestamp":1783628300776,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,15]],"date-time":"2015-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1450137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Olfactory neuroblastoma and the management of neck disease has posed considerable challenges to the treating physician. The aims of the study were to determine the incidence and factors influencing neck disease and to identify at\u2010risk patients with cervical node\u2013negative disease at presentation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multicenter case series with retrospective chart review.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting and Subjects<\/jats:title><jats:p>In sum, 113 patients with a histopathologic diagnosis of olfactory neuroblastoma across 6 tertiary hospitals in Australia and the United States.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Treatment modalities for the primary site and neck included surgery, radiotherapy, and combined therapy. Treatment outcomes were measured in relation to date of primary treatment, and long\u2010term follow\u2010up was recorded. Disease\u2010free survival was calculated as time for patients to develop delayed neck disease following primary treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 113 patients (46 females, 49.7 \u00b1 13.2 years) were identified with a median follow\u2010up of 41.5\u00a0months (interquartile range, 58.2); 7.1% of patients presented with primary neck disease, while 8.8% of patients presented with delayed neck disease. Neck disease was present in patients with Hyams grade II (22.2%), III (55.6%), and IV (22.2%) lesions (\u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 5.66, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =. 13). Histologic grade was higher in patients with primary neck disease (\u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 16.22, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =. 001). Positive surgical margins were associated with a higher risk of delayed neck disease as compared with clear surgical margin (17.9% vs 5%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =. 034).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neck metastasis is an important clinical consideration for olfactory neuroblastoma at presentation and in surveillance. Primary treatment of the neck could be considered in select patients. Long\u2010term surveillance of the neck and primary site is essential.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599815620173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,15]],"date-time":"2015-12-15T22:39:32Z","timestamp":1450219172000},"page":"383-389","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Olfactory Neuroblastoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"154","author":[{"given":"Sunny B.","family":"Nalavenkata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Rhinology and Skull Base Research Group Applied Medical Research Centre St Vincent\u2019s Hospital University of New South Wales Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond","family":"Sacks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Macquarie University Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Concord General Hospital Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nithin D.","family":"Adappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James N.","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael T.","family":"Purkey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Sinus Centers San Jose California United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Feldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodney J.","family":"Schlosser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl H.","family":"Snyderman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh Pennsylvania United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric W.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh Pennsylvania United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradford A.","family":"Woodworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Smee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology The Prince of Wales Cancer Centre Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas E.","family":"Havas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Prince of Wales and Sydney Hospitals Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rhinology and Skull Base Research Group Applied Medical Research Centre St Vincent\u2019s Hospital University of New South Wales Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Harvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rhinology and Skull Base Research Group Applied Medical Research Centre St Vincent\u2019s Hospital University of New South Wales Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Macquarie University Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00020840-200304000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.133.3.276"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"2683","article-title":"Esthesioneuroblastoma: a general review of the cases published since the discovery of the tumour in 1924","volume":"17","author":"Broich G","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anticancer 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