{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T03:50:31Z","timestamp":1784692231949,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]],"date-time":"2016-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1 TR000445"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR000445"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>(1) To describe and review a single center\u2019s pediatric endoscopic cholesteatoma experience, including surgical and audiologic outcomes. (2) To assess the most common locations of residual cholesteatoma following endoscopic removal.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Case series with chart review.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tertiary otologic referral center.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients &lt;19 years of age who underwent cholesteatoma removal with either endoscopic or microscopic visualization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a comparison of patients who underwent total endoscopic ear surgery (TEES), combined endoscopic\u2010microscopic surgery, or microscopic surgery, analyzed outcomes included locations and incidence of recurrent and residual cholesteatoma, complications, and audiometric testing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty\u2010six patients (mean age, 10.9 years; range, 4\u201018 years; 43.4% female) with 76 ears met inclusion criteria. The average overall follow\u2010up was 18.8\u00a0months (range, 6.7\u201048.3). Forty\u2010seven (61.8%) ears underwent microscopic removal of cholesteatoma; 29 (38.1%) ears underwent combined endoscopic\u2010microscopic removal; and 8 (10.5%) ears underwent TEES removal. Significantly more mastoidectomies were completed in microscopic cases as compared with endoscopic cases (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =. 049). Though second\u2010look procedures occurred in 15 (51.7%) endoscopic cases and 10 (21.3%) microscopic cases (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =. 006), the rate of residual disease was 20.0% and 40.0% in endoscopic and microscopic cases, respectively (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =. 38). When controlling for preoperative hearing, only the air\u2010bone gap for TEES demonstrated significant improvement (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =. 009). No complications were noted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present report describes our experience with pediatric endoscopic cholesteatoma surgery, demonstrating similar hearing outcomes, rates of recurrence and residual disease, and complication rates as compared with traditional microscopic techniques.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599816631941","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]],"date-time":"2016-03-01T22:13:59Z","timestamp":1456870439000},"page":"1121-1127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Pediatric Endoscopic Cholesteatoma Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"154","author":[{"given":"Jacob B.","family":"Hunter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Otology Group Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Geraldine","family":"Zuniga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Otology Group Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex D.","family":"Sweeney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Otology Group Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie M.","family":"Bertrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Otology Group Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George B.","family":"Wanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Otology Group Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David S.","family":"Haynes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Otology Group Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher T.","family":"Wootten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Otology Group Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Rivas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Otology Group Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee 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