{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T07:39:05Z","timestamp":1770968345030,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]],"date-time":"2016-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the effect of a soluble human tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF\u2010\u03b1) receptor blocker (etanercept) on an inducible olfactory inflammation (IOI) mouse model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>An in vivo study using a transgenic mouse model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Research laboratory.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>To study the impact of chronic inflammation on the olfactory system, a transgenic mouse model of chronic rhinosinusitis\u2013associated olfactory loss was utilized (IOI mouse), expressing TNF\u2010\u03b1 in a temporally controlled fashion within the olfactory epithelium. In one group of mice (n = 4), etanercept was injected intraperitoneally (100 \u03bcg\/dose, 3 times\/week) concurrent with a 2\u2010week period of TNF\u2010\u03b1 expression. A second group of mice (n = 2) underwent induction of TNF\u2010\u03b1 expression for 8 weeks, with etanercept treatment administered during the final 2 weeks of inflammation. Olfactory function was assayed by elecro\u2010olfactogram (EOG), and olfactory tissue was processed for histology and immunohistochemical staining. Each group was compared with an equal\u2010number control group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with nontreated IOI mice, etanercept\u2010treated IOI mice showed significantly improved EOG responses after 2 weeks (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;. 001). After 8 weeks of induced inflammation, there was massive loss of olfactory epithelium and no EOG response in nontreated IOI mice. However, in etanercept\u2010treated mice, regeneration of olfactory epithelium was observed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Concomitant administration of etanercept in IOI mice results in interruption of TNF\u2010\u03b1\u2010induced olfactory loss and induction of neuroepithelial regeneration. This demonstrates that etanercept has potential utility as a tool for elucidating the role of TNF\u2010\u03b1 in other olfactory inflammation models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599816632177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]],"date-time":"2016-03-01T22:13:59Z","timestamp":1456870439000},"page":"1149-1154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Inhibition of Inflammation\u2010Associated Olfactory Loss by Etanercept in an Inducible Olfactory Inflammation Mouse Model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"154","author":[{"given":"Yong Gi","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Samsung Changwon Hospital Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Changwon\u2010Si Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew P.","family":"Lane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2007.06.726"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6665(03)00157-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24691"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480410022787"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2004.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200007000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4507-09.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.22190"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/105065800779954329"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200402000-00018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200403000-00032"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2010.24.3460"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-014-0258-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21226"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.21185"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-014-8565-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu179"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.08.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.157685"}],"container-title":["Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0194599816632177","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0194599816632177","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0194599816632177","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T13:25:17Z","timestamp":1760966717000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0194599816632177"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0194599816632177"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0194599816632177","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0194-5998","1097-6817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0194-5998","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-6817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-09-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-01-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-03-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}