{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T15:08:07Z","timestamp":1770736087645,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,22]],"date-time":"2016-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1469145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the combined functional impact on swallowing of tongue sensory and motor loss using a rat model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rats underwent selective neurectomies with transection of the motor (hypoglossal) nerve or motor and sensory (lingual) nerves. Postoperative functional parameters were followed for 2 weeks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Translational research.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010six adolescent male Wistar rats were divided into 4\u00a0groups: anesthetic (n = 6), sham surgery (n = 8), hypoglossal transection (n = 10), and hypoglossal and lingual transection (n = 12). Each morning on postoperative days 1 to 14, the water and food intake were quantified and the animal weighed. Two\u2010way analyses of variance (SigmaPlot; SYSTAT, San Jose, California) were performed with factors of \u201cgroup\u201d and \u201cpostoperative day\u201d (POD) to analyze whether a significant difference existed between water intake, pellet consumption, and weight change.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The hypoglossal and lingual group consumed significantly less water during PODs 1 to 2 and significantly less food during PODs 1 to 3 than any other group. This established a significant difference in body weight between the hypoglossal and lingual group and all other groups for the duration of the study. Measured parameters in the hypoglossal group better approximated those of the control anesthetic and sham groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The addition of a sensory loss to a motor deficit involving the oral tongue results in a measurably significant difference in weight gain, a marker of function, compared with rats with only a motor deficit. Additional studies are needed to determine if there would be similar findings in a model of sensate vs asensate oral tongue reconstruction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599816635629","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,15]],"date-time":"2016-03-15T22:19:28Z","timestamp":1458080368000},"page":"246-251","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Impact of Sensory and Motor Defects on Oral Function in an Animal Model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"155","author":[{"suffix":"III","given":"Edward J.","family":"Doyle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Louis University Department of Otolaryngology St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael Anne","family":"Gratton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Louis University Department of Otolaryngology St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Varvares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Otology and Laryngology Harvard Medical School Department of Otolaryngology Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199406000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.127.12.1463"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"246","article-title":"Effect of lingual and hypoglossal nerve reconstruction on swallowing function in head and neck surgery: Prospective Functional Outcomes Study","volume":"38","author":"O\u2019Connel DA","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","article-title":"Minimally invasive approach to the lingual and hypoglossal nerves in the adult rat","author":"Doyle EJ","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Invest Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","volume-title":"Neglected Factors in Pharmacology and Neuroscience Research","author":"Claassen V","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"230","volume-title":"The Laboratory Rat","author":"Lewis SM"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7036.106.4.411"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.21155"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2006.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(90)90187-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/52319."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.1995.tb00092.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"149","article-title":"Food or fluid restriction in common laboratory animals: balancing welfare considerations with scientific inquiry","volume":"57","author":"Rowland NE","year":"2007","journal-title":"Comp Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(86)90320-3"}],"container-title":["Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0194599816635629","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0194599816635629","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0194599816635629","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T10:54:29Z","timestamp":1760957669000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0194599816635629"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,22]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0194599816635629"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0194599816635629","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0194-5998","1097-6817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0194-5998","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-6817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-10-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-02-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-07-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}