{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T02:32:29Z","timestamp":1780626749941,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,24]],"date-time":"2017-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eustachian tube (ET) dysfunction is most frequently caused by a failure of the ET to adequately open; however, there is currently no reliable method of assessing this. Tubomanometry has recently shown good interindividual repeatability as a measure of ET function by measuring middle ear pressure after the application of regulated nasopharyngeal pressures during swallowing. We present the first reports of a novel test: middle ear impedance measurements during standard nasopharyngeal pressure application (tuboimpedance). We assess repeatability in healthy ears and any advantages over tubomanometry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Exploratory cohort diagnosis study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tertiary referral center.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty screened, healthy ears (10 volunteers).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tubomanometry and tuboimpedance tests were performed while individuals swallowed with applied nasopharyngeal pressures of 20, 30, 40, and 50\u00a0mbar. Eustachian tube opening detection rate and test repeatability (measured by intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]) for immediate and delayed repeats at each pressure were compared.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>ET opening was detected more frequently using tuboimpedance, with a 100% detection rate using a nasopharyngeal pressure of 30\u00a0mbar or more, compared to 88% to 96% with tubomanometry. Detection of ET opening at 20\u00a0mbar was possible with tuboimpedance. Repeatability of both tests was mostly strong (ICC &gt;0.7) for both immediate and delayed repeats. Repeatability for the tubomanometry R value was only fair to moderate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tuboimpedance may provide a repeatable measure of ET opening that is easier to perform due to lower nasopharyngeal pressures required and fewer issues with poor ear\u2010probe sealing. Further assessment in patients with different forms of ET dysfunction is required.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599816686546","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,24]],"date-time":"2017-01-24T08:13:21Z","timestamp":1485245601000},"page":"717-721","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Tuboimpedance: A New Test of Eustachian Tube Function"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"156","author":[{"given":"Matthew E.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Cambridge Cambridgeshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlie C.","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine Cambridge Cambridgeshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J. C.","family":"Blythe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine Cambridge Cambridgeshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James R.","family":"Tysome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Cambridge Cambridgeshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Eustachian Tube: Structure, Function, Role in Otitis Media","author":"Bluestone CD","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.12475"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.12428"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489009124805"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"159","volume-title":"Fibrocartilaginous Eustachian Tube: Middle Ear Cleft","author":"Esteve D","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.12451"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016488109138501"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.23223"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1972.00770090791004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","volume-title":"Tympanometry: Recommended Procedure","author":"British Society of Audiology","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019459987808600307"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.23711"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016487809121474"}],"container-title":["Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0194599816686546","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0194599816686546","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0194599816686546","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T10:18:04Z","timestamp":1760955484000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0194599816686546"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,24]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0194599816686546"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0194599816686546","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0194-5998","1097-6817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0194-5998","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-6817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-10-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-12-07","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-01-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}