{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:44:55Z","timestamp":1761007495495,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,14]],"date-time":"2017-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>(1) Measure temperature variations achieved by common otomicroscopes. (2) Raise awareness about possible thermal injury during otologic procedures with the advent of newer, high\u2010powered otomicroscopes. (3) Describe optical technology that aims to reduce the potential for thermal injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A variety of otomicroscopes, with different light sources (ranging from 100W halogen to 300W xenon), were studied. Temperatures were recorded from human auricular skin with a noncontact infrared thermometer at various microscope light intensities and with use of irrigation. Multiple recordings were done at 5\u2010minute intervals, and a working distance of 225\u00a0mm was maintained.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maximum skin temperatures were found to plateau relatively quickly, with higher\u2010wattage xenon light sources reaching greater temperatures. One\u2010way analysis of variance revealed significant differences in temperatures with decreased light intensities. High\u2010wattage xenon light sources reached significantly higher temperatures when compared with halogen models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is substantial variation in maximal skin temperatures reached by otomicroscopes. Temperatures can be decreased to safe levels by reducing light intensity and with use of irrigation. The maximum temperature obtained in our study was 41.4\u00b0C. Second\u2010degree skin burns have been described with prolonged exposures to temperatures &gt;44\u00b0C.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Implications for Practice<\/jats:title><jats:p>Given the described potential for burns, surgeons performing procedures on the ear and temporal bone should take precautions to diminish temperature in the operative field.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599817690118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,14]],"date-time":"2017-02-14T14:51:44Z","timestamp":1487083904000},"page":"113-116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Thermal Variations of Operative Microscopes in Otology"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"157","author":[{"given":"T. Edward","family":"Imbery","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences SUNY Upstate Medical University Syracuse New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex J.","family":"Tampio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences SUNY Upstate Medical University Syracuse New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian D.","family":"Nicholas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences SUNY Upstate Medical University Syracuse New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e3182a5d340"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5631\/jibirin.105.527"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24666"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21353"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21367"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.3475953"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.11.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(83)90419-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000161005.31398.58"}],"container-title":["Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0194599817690118","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0194599817690118","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0194599817690118","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T13:46:01Z","timestamp":1760967961000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0194599817690118"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,14]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0194599817690118"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0194599817690118","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0194-5998","1097-6817"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0194-5998"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1097-6817"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-08-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-01-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-02-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}