{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T22:53:18Z","timestamp":1790635998780,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Firearms have an enduring and visible presence within American culture. However, the public health impact of nonpowder firearms and other \u201ctoy\u201d guns has not been fully studied. These guns\u2014including BB guns (ie, ball bearing), paintball guns, and pellet guns\u2014are typically marketed to a younger audience. The objective of this study is to analyze head and neck injuries related to nonpowder firearms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional analysis of a national database.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Academic medical center.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System was queried for head and neck injuries involving nonpowder guns, including air, BB, and pellet guns, and associated ammunition. Analysis of age, sex, incidence, injury location, and diagnosis was performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>From 2005 to 2014, there were 1695 cases recorded, or 55,060 estimated emergency room visits, due to injuries related to nonpowder guns and fired ammunition. The majority of patients were male (80.9%). These injuries were most common in children 6 to 12 years of age (37.9%), followed by those 13 to 18 years old (27.1%) and adults (\u226519 years old; 17.8%), while preschool children (0\u20105 years) represented 17.2%. The most common injury diagnosis was penetrating foreign body (34.9%), followed by lacerations (24.3%) and contusions\/abrasions (13.7%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nonpowder and other nonlethal firearm\u2010related injuries to the head and neck region are a frequent source of emergency room visits nationally. Safety measures and public education on a mainstream level are required.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599817695546","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,7]],"date-time":"2017-03-07T08:00:40Z","timestamp":1488873640000},"page":"853-856","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["A 10\u2010Year Analysis of Head and Neck Injuries Involving Nonpowder Firearms"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"156","author":[{"given":"Kartik V.","family":"Dandu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Rutgers New Jersey Medical School Newark New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric T.","family":"Carniol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Rutgers New Jersey Medical School Newark New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saurin","family":"Sanghvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Rutgers New Jersey Medical School Newark New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soly","family":"Baredes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Rutgers New Jersey Medical School Newark New Jersey USA"},{"name":"Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery Neurological Institute of New Jersey Rutgers New Jersey Medical School Newark New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean Anderson","family":"Eloy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Rutgers New Jersey Medical School Newark New Jersey USA"},{"name":"Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery Neurological Institute of New Jersey Rutgers New Jersey Medical School Newark New Jersey USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery Rutgers New Jersey Medical School Newark New Jersey USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science Rutgers New Jersey Medical School Newark New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"FisherM.What makes America\u2019s gun culture totally unique in the world in four charts.Washington Post.https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2012\/12\/15\/what\u2010makes\u2010americas\u2010gun\u2010culture\u2010totally\u2010unique\u2010in\u2010the\u2010world\u2010as\u2010demonstrated\u2010in\u2010four\u2010charts\/. Published2012. Accessed March 24 2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-1799"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2015.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.85.2.177"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599815602668"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599815627794"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.8.3.185"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","unstructured":"Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence.Non\u2010powder guns policy summary.http:\/\/smartgunlaws.org\/non\u2010powder\u2010guns\u2010policy\u2010summary\/. PublishedOctober 2013. Accessed March 7 2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","article-title":"Texas death offers grim reminder that gun replicas can fool police","author":"Fernandez M.","year":"2012","journal-title":"New York Times"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0055491"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","unstructured":"Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital. Non\u2010powder guns safety.http:\/\/www.nationwidechildrens.org\/non\u2010powder\u2010guns\u2010safety. Accessed March 2 2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","volume-title":"Protective Eyewear for Young Athletes: Joint Policy Statement","author":"American Academy of Ophthalmology","year":"2013"}],"container-title":["Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0194599817695546","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0194599817695546","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0194599817695546","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T10:20:47Z","timestamp":1760955647000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0194599817695546"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0194599817695546"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0194599817695546","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0194-5998","1097-6817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0194-5998","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-6817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-08-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-01-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-03-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}