{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T00:31:13Z","timestamp":1774225873565,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":6,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,16]],"date-time":"2017-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1494892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Whereas uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) was the standard surgical procedure for obstructive sleep apnea prior to 2007, multilevel surgery has become the standard since that time. This study compares morbidity and mortality rates of the stand\u2010alone UPPP with those of multilevel sleep surgery that includes UPPP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients undergoing UPPP between 2007 and 2014 were identified in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. UPPP was defined by <jats:italic>Current Procedural Terminology<\/jats:italic> codes 42145 and 42950. Primary outcomes were incidence of morbidity and mortality. Rates were compared between a control group with UPPP only and a group with multilevel surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 2674 cases were analyzed. The incidence of complications in the UPPP\u2010only group was 1.6% (0.09% fatal); in the multilevel surgery group, 4.63% (0.19% fatal). The difference in overall and nonfatal complications is statistically significant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;. 01); however, values for fatal complications are too low for comparison. There is a statistically significant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;. 01) positive correlation (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 0.92) between year of operation and rate of complications, with increased incidence of complications in more recent years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Complication rates for multilevel sleep surgery are higher than those of stand\u2010alone UPPP, and overall complication rates have been increasing in recent years. As UPPP supplemented with multilevel surgery is now the standard surgical treatment for most cases of obstructive sleep apnea\u2010hypopnea syndrome, historical complication rates based predominantly on patients undergoing UPPP only underestimate complication rates of modern sleep surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Implications for Practice<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is reasonable to inform patients that multilevel procedures bring an increased risk of complications, and patient selection should be guided accordingly.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599817706500","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,16]],"date-time":"2017-05-16T08:01:13Z","timestamp":1494921673000},"page":"123-127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Changing Rates of Morbidity and Mortality in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"157","author":[{"given":"Jacob J.","family":"Friedman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois College of Medicine Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna M.","family":"Salapatas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ChicagoENT Advanced Center for Specialty Care Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren B.","family":"Bonzelaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Loyola University Medical Center Maywood Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle S.","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Friedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ChicagoENT Advanced Center for Specialty Care Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"Rush University Medical Center Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/19.2.156"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e31816422ea"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"861","article-title":"Site of obstruction in obstructive sleep apnea: influence on the outcome of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty","volume":"141","author":"Launois SH","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"2206","volume-title":"Bailey\u2019s Head and Neck Surgery\u2014Otolaryngology","author":"Kezirian EJ"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200403000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.132.2.206"}],"container-title":["Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0194599817706500","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0194599817706500","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0194599817706500","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T13:46:18Z","timestamp":1760967978000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0194599817706500"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,16]]},"references-count":6,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0194599817706500"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0194599817706500","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0194-5998","1097-6817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0194-5998","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-6817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-12-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-04-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-05-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}