{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:42:53Z","timestamp":1761007373527,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,16]],"date-time":"2018-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007698","name":"University of Florida","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007698","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ciprofloxacin, commonly given as eardrops, has been shown to adversely affect tympanic membrane fibroblasts. Dexamethasone potentiates this effect. A newly available eardrop contains ciprofloxacin and fluocinolone, a more potent steroid. We evaluated the cytotoxic effects of this preparation on mouse tympanic membrane fibroblasts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective, in vitro.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Academic laboratory.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In experiment 1, fibroblasts were exposed to 1:10 dilutions of commercially available 0.3% ofloxacin, 0.3% ciprofloxacin, 0.3% ciprofloxacin + 0.1% dexamethasone, 0.3% ciprofloxacin + 0.025% fluocinolone, or dilute hydrochloric acid (control), twice within 24 hours. In experiment 2, cells were also treated with the dilutions of the pure form of dexamethasone 0.1% or fluocinolone 0.025%, alone and in combination with ofloxacin or ciprofloxacin. Cells were exposed to the solutions for 2 hours each time and were placed back in growth media after the treatments. Cells were observed with phase\u2010contrast microscope until the cytotoxicity assay was performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Survival of fibroblasts treated with ofloxacin was not different from the control. Fibroblasts treated with ciprofloxacin, ciprofloxacin + dexamethasone, or ciprofloxacin + fluocinolone had much lower survival (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;. 0001). Cells treated with ciprofloxacin + fluocinolone had lower survival than ciprofloxacin (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;. 0001) and ciprofloxacin + dexamethasone (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =. 0001). Steroids alone also decreased fibroblast survival compared to control (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;. 0001). The combination of dexamethasone or fluocinolone with ciprofloxacin, but not ofloxacin, further decreased fibroblast survival (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;. 0001). Phase\u2010contrast images mirrored the cytotoxicity findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tympanic membrane fibroblast cytotoxicity of ciprofloxacin is potentiated by corticosteroids. This effect may be deleterious when treating a healing perforation but beneficial when treating granulation tissue on the tympanic membrane.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599817751093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,16]],"date-time":"2018-01-16T08:00:56Z","timestamp":1516089656000},"page":"547-552","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Cytotoxicity of Ciprofloxacin and Steroids in Mouse Tympanic Membrane Fibroblasts"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"158","author":[{"given":"Sonny","family":"Redula","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick J.","family":"Antonelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolyn O.","family":"Dirain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2006.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"CD008512","article-title":"Interventions for the prevention of postoperative ear discharge after insertion of ventilation tubes (grommets) in children","volume":"4","author":"Syed MI","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.23554"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"1870","article-title":"Topical fluoroquinolones for eye and ear","volume":"62","author":"Morden N","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599812471499"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"1055","article-title":"Acute otitis externa: an update","volume":"86","author":"Schaefer P","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3345\/kjp.2013.56.5.196"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.383"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"49","article-title":"The risk of fluoroquinolone\u2010induced tendinopathy and tendon rupture: what does the clinician need to know?","volume":"3","author":"Kim GK","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2009.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2012.1150"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration.Fluoroquinolone antibacterial drugs: drug safety communication\u2014FDA advises restricting use for certain uncomplicated infections.https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/safety\/medwatch\/safetyinformation\/safetyalertsforhumanmedicalproducts\/ucm500665.htm. 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