{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T10:24:11Z","timestamp":1792664651623,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,27]],"date-time":"2018-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To present 5\u2010year outcomes from a prospective cohort of patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) who were treated with upper airway stimulation (UAS) via a unilateral hypoglossal nerve implant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A multicenter prospective cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Industry\u2010supported multicenter academic and clinical trial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>From a cohort of 126 patients, 97 completed protocol, and 71 consented to a voluntary polysomnogram. Those having continuous positive airway pressure failure with moderate to severe OSA, body mass index &lt;32\u00a0kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, and no unfavorable collapse on drug\u2010induced sleep endoscopy were enrolled in a phase 3 trial. Prospective outcomes included apnea\u2010hypopnea index (AHI), oxygen desaturation index, and adverse events, as well as measures of sleepiness, quality of life, and snoring.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients who did and did not complete the protocol differed in baseline AHI, oxygen desaturation index, and Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire scores but not in any other demographics or treatment response measures. Improvement in sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale) and quality of life was observed, with normalization of scores increasing from 33% to 78% and 15% to 67%, respectively. AHI response rate (AHI &lt;20 events per hour and &gt;50% reduction) was 75% (n = 71). When a last observation carried forward analysis was applied, the responder rate was 63% at 5 years. Serious device\u2010related events all related to lead\/device adjustments were reported in 6% of patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Improvements in sleepiness, quality of life, and respiratory outcomes are observed with 5 years of UAS. Serious adverse events are uncommon. UAS is a nonanatomic surgical treatment with long\u2010term benefit for individuals with moderate to severe OSA who have failed nasal continuous positive airway pressure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599818762383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,27]],"date-time":"2018-03-27T05:04:52Z","timestamp":1522127092000},"page":"194-202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":334,"title":["Upper Airway Stimulation for Obstructive Sleep Apnea: 5\u2010Year Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"159","author":[{"given":"B. Tucker","family":"Woodson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology and Human Communication Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kingman P.","family":"Strohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Cleveland VA Medical Center Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan J.","family":"Soose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Boyd","family":"Gillespie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joachim T.","family":"Maurer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Sleep Disorders Center University Hospital Mannheim Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nico","family":"de Vries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology OLVG Hospital and ACTA Amsterdam Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Multidisciplinary Sleep Disorders Center University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tapan A.","family":"Padhya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery College of Medicine University of South Florida Tampa Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Safwan","family":"Badr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Wayne State University Health Center Detroit Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ho\u2010sheng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Wayne State University Health Center Detroit Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier M.","family":"Vanderveken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Multidisciplinary Sleep Disorders Center University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Mickelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced ENT Associates Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Patrick 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