{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T08:51:46Z","timestamp":1780476706110,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,20]],"date-time":"2018-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1521504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aims of the present study were to evaluate the clinical significance of the delay for surgical treatment and the prognostic value of other clinical, pathologic, and microbiological variables among hematologic patients affected by acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (AIFRS). Furthermore, we propose our early diagnosis and treatment protocol, reporting its 10\u2010year results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Monocentric retrospective analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study was conducted from 2001 to 2017 at the University Hospital of Bologna, Italy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The impact of time to treatment and clinical, pathologic, and microbiological variables were analyzed among patients with histologically and microbiologically proven AIFRS. The outcomes of patients treated before the introduction of the early diagnosis protocol were compared with those treated afterward.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nineteen patients affected by AIFRS were eligible for the study. Treatment delay &gt;4\u00a0days (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =. 002), infection caused by Mucorales (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =. 015), and extension of the disease were negative prognostic variables (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =. 017). The application of our protocol significantly reduced the delay for diagnosis and appropriate treatment by an average of 7.3\u00a0days (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =. 02).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The promptness of the diagnosis and surgical treatment may play a significant role in the management of AIFRS, as it appears to be significantly associated with the disease outcome. Our protocol may help to reduce the time required for diagnosis of high\u2010risk hematologic patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599818765744","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,20]],"date-time":"2018-03-20T12:53:24Z","timestamp":1521550404000},"page":"386-393","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Acute Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis in Immunocompromised Patients: Role of an Early Diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"159","author":[{"given":"Ignacio Javier","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Unit Head and Neck and Sensory Organs Department Sant'Orsola\u2013Malpighi Hospital University of Bologna Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco Maria","family":"Crocetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Unit Head and Neck and Sensory Organs Department Sant'Orsola\u2013Malpighi Hospital University of Bologna Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Dematt\u00e8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Unit Head and Neck and Sensory Organs Department Sant'Orsola\u2013Malpighi Hospital University of Bologna Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Farneti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Unit Head and Neck and Sensory Organs Department Sant'Orsola\u2013Malpighi Hospital University of Bologna Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Stanzani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haematology Unit \u201cIstituto Ser\u00e0gnoli,\u201d Specialist Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine Sant'Orsola\u2013Malpighi Hospital University of Bologna Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russel E.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Unit Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Sant'Orsola\u2013Malpighi Hospital University of Bologna Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Fornaciari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Unit Head and Neck and Sensory Organs Department Sant'Orsola\u2013Malpighi Hospital University of Bologna Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernesto","family":"Pasquini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Unit Head and Neck and Sensory Organs Department Sant'Orsola\u2013Malpighi Hospital University of Bologna Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vittorio","family":"Sciarretta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Unit Head and Neck and Sensory Organs Department Sant'Orsola\u2013Malpighi Hospital University of Bologna Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/684835"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"203","article-title":"Invasive fungal sinusitis in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation","volume":"12","author":"Drakos PE","year":"1993","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199707243370407"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20520"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.23912"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/513662"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2003.10.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2011.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/588660"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2012.26.3807"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"175","article-title":"Epidemiology and treatment approaches in management of invasive fungal infections","volume":"3","author":"Kriengkauykiat J","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"854","article-title":"Spectrum of fungal rhinosinusitis; 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