{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:09:34Z","timestamp":1790813374146,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,24]],"date-time":"2018-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1532390400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21\u00a0NS099800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21\u00a0NS099800"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cerebrospinal fluid leak is one of the most serious complications in otolaryngology. It may occur as a result of injury to the skull base, typically traumatic or iatrogenic. While the presence of a leak is often discerned in the emergent setting, distinguishing normal secretions from those containing cerebrospinal fluid can be difficult during postoperative visits in the clinic. As most current laboratory\u2010based assays are labor intensive and require several days to result, we aim to develop a more user\u2010friendly and rapid point\u2010of\u2010care cerebrospinal fluid detection device.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our laboratory developed a barcode\u2010style lateral\u2010flow immunoassay utilizing antibodies for beta\u2010trace protein, a protein abundant in and specific for cerebrospinal fluid, with a concentration of 1.3\u00a0mg\/L delineating a positive result.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tertiary medical center.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tests with known concentrations of resuspended beta\u2010trace protein and the contents of discarded lumbar drains (presumed to contain cerebrospinal fluid) were performed to validate our novel device.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results demonstrate the ability of our device to semiquantitatively identify concentrations of beta\u2010trace protein from 0.3\u201090\u00a0mg\/L, which is within the required range to diagnose a leak, thus making beta\u2010trace protein an excellent target for rapid clinical detection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Herein we detail the creation and initial validation of the first point\u2010of\u2010care cerebrospinal fluid detection device. This device is a feasible method to more efficiently and cost\u2010effectively identify cerebrospinal fluid leaks, minimize costs, and improve patient outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599818789075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,24]],"date-time":"2018-07-24T17:35:50Z","timestamp":1532453750000},"page":"824-829","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Point\u2010of\u2010Care Cerebrospinal Fluid Detection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"159","author":[{"given":"Ashley E.","family":"Kita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel W.","family":"Bradbury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary D.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA"},{"name":"UCLA Head and Neck Cancer Program David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel T.","family":"Kamei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maie A.","family":"St. John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA"},{"name":"UCLA Head and Neck Cancer Program David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA"},{"name":"Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1549308"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2015.05.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25461"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"184","article-title":"An algorithm for the management of CSF rhinorrhea illustrated by 36 cases","volume":"37","author":"Marshall AH","year":"1999","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21637"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"82","article-title":"Diagnostic values of beta\u20102 transferrin and beta\u2010trace protein as markers for cerebrospinal fluid fistula","volume":"46","author":"Bachmann\u2010Harildstad G","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/48.6.939"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0404.2003.00173.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2003.024158"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2016.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2009.23.3409"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2016-0442"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000275891"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/cdli.1.1.68-70.1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(98)00453-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/42.12.1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cccn.2004.09.008"}],"container-title":["Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0194599818789075","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0194599818789075","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0194599818789075","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T09:19:13Z","timestamp":1760951953000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0194599818789075"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,24]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0194599818789075"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0194599818789075","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0194-5998","1097-6817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0194-5998","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-6817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-10-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-06-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-07-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}