{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T11:26:09Z","timestamp":1788175569797,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,9]],"date-time":"2018-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KL2 TR001115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KL2 TR001115"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HD075699"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD075699"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MD010243"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MD010243"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Approximately 1 to 2 of every 1000 American newborns has hearing loss identified by newborn screening. This study was designed to determine if infant hearing loss is more common in socioeconomically disadvantaged communities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this retrospective study, we analyzed electronic medical record data using geostatistical models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infants were residents of Durham County, North Carolina, born in 2 hospitals of the Duke University Health System. This county includes the city of Durham and surrounding suburban and rural communities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Subjects were hearing\u2010screened newborns, born between 2005 and 2016, whose residential address was in Durham County, North Carolina. This was a retrospective study using medical record data. We used Bayesian regression models with smoothing of coordinate date to identify both spatial and nonspatial predictors of infant hearing loss.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified 19,348\u00a0infants from Durham County, of whom 675 had failed initial hearing screening and 191 had hearing loss confirmed on follow\u2010up. Hearing loss was significantly associated with minority race (odds ratio [OR], 2.45; 95% confidence interval, 1.97\u20103.06), as well as lower gestational age and maternal sexually transmitted infections. We identified significant geographic heterogeneity, with a higher probability of hearing loss in poorer urban neighborhoods (local OR range, 0.59\u20101.39). Neighborhood disadvantage was a significant predictor of hearing loss, as was high local seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) among pregnant women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Urban, low\u2010income neighborhoods have a high prevalence of infant hearing loss compared with more affluent surrounding communities, particularly among minorities. This distribution may be attributable to congenital CMV infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599818803305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,9]],"date-time":"2018-10-09T04:42:48Z","timestamp":1539060168000},"page":"1051-1057","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Geographic and Racial Disparities in Infant Hearing Loss"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"159","author":[{"given":"Paul M.","family":"Lantos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Duke University Durham North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Duke University Durham North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Global Health Institute Duke University Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Maradiaga\u2010Panayotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Duke University Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Barber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitas Miguel Hernandez Elche Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eileen","family":"Raynor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Duke University Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debara","family":"Tucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Duke University Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sallie R.","family":"Permar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Duke University Durham North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Human Vaccine Institute Duke University Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pearce","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenna L.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Duke University Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Kind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"VA Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC) Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geeta K.","family":"Swamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Duke University Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHH.0b013e31829d7b57"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-5-70"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-017-0423-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piw088"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofv180"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b19470"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v080.i01"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v076.i01"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","unstructured":"GabryJ.bayesplot: plotting for Bayesian models. 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