{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T02:08:58Z","timestamp":1777342138474,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,16]],"date-time":"2018-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To use mid\u2010infrared (IR) spectroscopy to assess changes in the cartilaginous framework of human trachea during decellularization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Laboratory\u2010based study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Research laboratory.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Six cadaveric human tracheas were decellularized using a detergent enzymatic method (DEM). Tissue samples were obtained from each specimen after 0, 1, 10, and 25 DEM cycles for histologic and spectroscopic analysis. Decellularization was confirmed using hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) and 2\u2010(4\u2010amidinophenyl)\u20101H\u2010indole\u20106\u2010carboxamidine (DAPI) staining. Changes in cartilaginous framework were examined using Fourier transform infrared imaging spectroscopy (FT\u2010IRIS) and an attenuated total reflectance (ATR) probe in the mid\u2010IR frequencies. Results were statistically analyzed using 1\u2010way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and principal component analysis (PCA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Six decellularized tracheal scaffolds were successfully created using a DEM protocol. Histologic examination showed near\u2010complete nuclear loss following 25 DEM cycles. As observed with FT\u2010IRIS analysis, the collagen absorbance signal (1336\u00a0cm<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) was predominantly in the perichondria and remained stable after 25 DEM cycles (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =. 132), while the absorbance from sugar rings in proteoglycans and nucleic acids in hyaline cartilage (1080\u00a0cm<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) showed a significant decrease after 1 DEM cycle (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =. 0007). Examination of the luminal surface of the trachea with an ATR probe showed raw mid\u2010IR spectra consistent with cartilage. PCA showed significant separation of spectra corresponding to treatment cycle along the principal components 1 and 2.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mid\u2010IR spectroscopy is a viable method of monitoring changes in extracellular matrix components during the decellularization of human trachea.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599818806271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,16]],"date-time":"2018-10-16T13:04:40Z","timestamp":1539695080000},"page":"302-309","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Spectroscopic Analysis of Human Tracheal Tissue during Decellularization"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"160","author":[{"given":"Derrick","family":"Tint","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Collin T.","family":"Stabler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Penn Cardiovascular Institute University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Penn Institute for Regenerative Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arash","family":"Hanifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farzad","family":"Yousefi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Linkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Hy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed M. 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