{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:38:04Z","timestamp":1791920284103,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,23]],"date-time":"2018-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To review the presentation and treatment of children diagnosed with bacterial tracheitis at our institution and to review the available literature focusing on key presenting symptoms and clinical outcomes of children diagnosed with bacterial tracheitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Case series with literature review.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tertiary children's hospital and available literature.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Case series of children with bacterial tracheitis retrospectively reviewed at a tertiary children's hospital. Those with a tracheostomy or those who developed bacterial tracheitis as a complication of prolonged intubation were excluded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010six children were identified (mean \u00b1 SD age, 6.7 \u00b1 4.5 years). The most common presenting symptom was cough (85%), followed by stridor (77%) and voice changes\/hoarseness (67%). A concurrent viral illness was found for 55%, and the most common bacteria cultured was methicillin\u2010sensitive <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>. Pediatric intensive care admission occurred for 69%, and 43% required intubation. No patient required tracheostomy. One patient (2.7%) died secondary to airway obstruction and subsequent respiratory arrest. Four patients had recurrence of bacterial tracheitis 4 to 12\u00a0months following their initial presentation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bacterial tracheitis is an uncommon condition with an atypical presentation and variable clinical course but serious consequences if left unrecognized. <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic> is the most common bacteria identified, and many patients will have a prodromal viral illness. Changes in patient epidemiology and presentation may have occurred over time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599818808774","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,23]],"date-time":"2018-10-23T04:57:09Z","timestamp":1540270629000},"page":"546-549","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Pediatric Bacterial Tracheitis\u2014A Variable Entity: Case Series with Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"160","author":[{"given":"Geoffrey","family":"Casazza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah USA"},{"name":"Primary Children's Hospital Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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