{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T06:06:00Z","timestamp":1785305160013,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":5,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Extracorporeal video microscopes, or \u201cexoscopes,\u201d provide high\u2010definition views of the operative field and are alternatives to the operating microscope or loupes for large\u2010corridor surgical approaches. In this proof\u2010of\u2010concept study, we aim to determine the feasibility of 3\u2010dimensional exoscopes as alternatives to operating microscopes in otology and neurotology, espeically in conjunction with endoscopes. Eleven consecutive cases were performed using 3\u2010dimensional exoscopes in place of, or as adjuncts to, the operating microscope. The exoscope was the sole visualization tool in 7 cases, with 4\u00a0including the use of an endoscope or microscope. There were no perioperative complications. Potential subjective advantages include superior ergonomics, compact size, and an equal visual experience for surgeons and observers. Limitations include low lighting in small surgical corridors and pixilation at high magnification. Exoscopes are potentially viable alternatives to the microscope in otologic and neurotologic surgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599818816965","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T04:18:51Z","timestamp":1546316331000},"page":"364-367","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["Initial Experience with 3\u2010Dimensional Exoscope\u2010Assisted Transmastoid and Lateral Skull Base Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"160","author":[{"given":"Sullivan","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Massachusetts Eye and Ear Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elliott D.","family":"Kozin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Massachusetts Eye and Ear Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivek V.","family":"Kanumuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Massachusetts Eye and Ear Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel R.","family":"Barber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Massachusetts Eye and Ear Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas","family":"Backous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Proliance Surgeons Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Fl\u00e1vio Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sinus &amp; Oto Centro\u2010Hospital Geral de Fortaleza Rua Dr. Jos\u00e9 Furtado Fortaleza Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Massachusetts Eye and Ear Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/002221503322683885"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-008-0868-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2011.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"326","article-title":"Exolaryngoscopy: a new technique for laryngeal surgery","volume":"32","author":"Carlucci C","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.6.FOCUS09120"}],"container-title":["Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0194599818816965","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0194599818816965","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0194599818816965","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T12:34:35Z","timestamp":1760963675000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0194599818816965"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"references-count":5,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0194599818816965"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0194599818816965","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0194-5998","1097-6817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0194-5998","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-6817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-05-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-08-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-01-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}