{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T03:49:00Z","timestamp":1769831340549,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,22]],"date-time":"2019-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The upper eyelid blepharoplasty incision affords direct access to the frontal bone for skull base surgery and trauma reconstruction with a well\u2010hidden scar. The goal of this study is to quantify frontal bone exposure that can be achieved with an upper eyelid blepharoplasty incision.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anatomic study with human cadaver heads.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>UC Davis Medical Center.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects\/Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fourteen human cadaver heads were used to perform 26 upper blepharoplasty approaches. Exposure was measured with virtual planning software to create virtual reference points at the midline of the superior orbital rim. Surgical navigation was used with a 3\u2010dimensionally printed drill model to measure the maximum exposure achievable relative to the virtual reference point at 5 standardized angles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mean \u00b1 SD exposures at medial 60\u00b0, medial 30\u00b0, 0\u00b0, lateral 30\u00b0, and lateral 60\u00b0 were 16.1 \u00b1 1.3\u00a0mm, 17.8 \u00b1 1.3, 18.3 \u00b1 1.4, 19.3 \u00b1 1.9, and 20.9 \u00b1 1.9, respectively. Significant differences were detected between exposures at 60\u00b0 laterally and 60\u00b0 medially and between exposures 60\u00b0 laterally and 30\u00b0 medially (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;. 05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The upper eyelid blepharoplasty incision provides direct surgical access to the inferior frontal bone. Access was greatest with far lateral extension (mean, 20.9\u00a0mm) and most limited with far medial extension (mean, 16.1\u00a0mm). Treatment of injuries above this level could be achieved with additional percutaneous incisions for screw placement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599818825456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,23]],"date-time":"2019-01-23T16:40:51Z","timestamp":1548261651000},"page":"468-471","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Degree of Frontal Bone Exposure via Upper Blepharoplasty Incision: Considerations for Frontal Sinus Fracture"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"160","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Kinzinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of California Davis Sacramento California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toby O.","family":"Steele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of California Davis Sacramento California USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery VA Northern California Healthcare System Sacramento California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Chin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of California Davis Sacramento California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward B.","family":"Strong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of California Davis Sacramento California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Frontal sinus fractures: a surgical management paradigm","volume":"67","author":"Strong 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