{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T19:42:44Z","timestamp":1790192564970,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,2]],"date-time":"2019-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine trend, prevalence, and outcomes of surgical site infection (SSI) in head and neck surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective cross\u2010sectional analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Nationwide Readmissions Database (2010\u20102014), which represents 56.6% of all US hospitalization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adult patients (\u226518 years) who underwent head and neck surgery. Patients with SSI were compared with controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Analysis included chi\u2010square test and multivariate logistic and linear regression models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 427 cases and 116,921 controls were identified. SSI prevalence among patients who underwent head and neck surgery was 0.37%, of which 41.0% was reported within the initial admission while the remaining 59.0% was reported on readmission within 30\u00a0days of first surgery. SSI was associated with a higher mortality risk (odds ratio, 3.95; 95% CI, 1.25\u201012.50; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =. 019). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that a higher risk of SSI was associated with major surgery of the ear, nose and paranasal sinuses, mouth and tonsil, salivary glands and ducts, maxillofacial bones and mandible, and pharynx and larynx (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;. 05 each). However, a lower risk of SSI was reported in thyroid and parathyroid and nonmajor procedures (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;. 05 each). Other factors associated with a higher risk of SSI included multiple comorbidities, smoking, cancer diagnosis, concomitant neck dissection, and tracheostomy (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;. 05 each). SSI was associated with a mean \u00b1 SE additional hospital stay of 8.1 \u00b1 0.8\u00a0days per case (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;. 001) and an additional cost on the health system of $20,953.00 \u00b1 $186.3 per case (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;. 001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>SSI is associated with a significant mortality risk and burden on the health system. More than half of SSI cases were identified on readmission.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599819832858","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,2]],"date-time":"2019-04-02T04:34:38Z","timestamp":1554179678000},"page":"52-62","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Surgical Site Infection in Head and Neck Surgery: A National Perspective"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"161","author":[{"given":"Zaid","family":"Al\u2010Qurayshi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jarrett","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Owen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emad","family":"Kandil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery School of Medicine Tulane University New Orleans Louisiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/646436"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2008.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1306801"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2017.0904"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","unstructured":"National Healthcare Safety Network Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Surgical site infection (SSI) event.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nhsn\/pdfs\/pscmanual\/9pscssicurrent.pdf. Updated2018. Accessed July 26 2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2018.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2012.03.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2007.09.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2011.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2018.01.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2004.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2009.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","unstructured":"Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project.Overview of the nationwide readmissions database (NRD).https:\/\/www.hcup\u2010us.ahrq.gov\/nrdoverview.jsp. Updated2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","unstructured":"Bureau of Labor Statistics US Department of Labor.Databases tables and calculators by subject: consumer price index.http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/data\/. Updated2016. Accessed September 18 2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000182534.19832.83"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-6553(91)90157-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2004.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2011.07.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","first-page":"828","article-title":"Risk factors for postoperative complications in oral cancer and their prognostic implications","volume":"127","author":"Melo GM","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.2880170103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19921015)70:8<2166::AID-CNCR2820700826>3.0.CO;2-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-010-0108-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2008.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2004.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.2880120209"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035131"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2016.31.1.162"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199801000-00020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599817753610"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000008891"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2000.105253"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/662016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14639\/0392-100X-666"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12232"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/657912"}],"container-title":["Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0194599819832858","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0194599819832858","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0194599819832858","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T13:52:46Z","timestamp":1760968366000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0194599819832858"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,2]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0194599819832858"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0194599819832858","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0194-5998","1097-6817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0194-5998","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-6817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-10-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-02-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-04-02","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}