{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T16:29:18Z","timestamp":1774801758629,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,19]],"date-time":"2019-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Topical 1:1000 epinephrine solution is commonly applied intranasally with cottonoid pledgets in endoscopic sinonasal surgery for local vasoconstriction and hemostasis. Pledgets are typically submerged in epinephrine solution and applied without measurement. Hemodynamic complications have been reported when pledgets have been saturated and not wrung out. The amount of epinephrine absorbed per pledget has not been studied methodically. The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of topical 1:1000 epinephrine remaining on a cottonoid pledget after wringing out the pledget, to simulate intraoperative application.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tertiary care center.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty 0.5\u2010in \u00d7 3\u2010in cottonoid pledgets were submerged in canisters filled with 1:1000 epinephrine solution (1\u00a0mg\/mL). Weights of the epinephrine\u2010filled canisters were measured before submerging the pledgets and then after removing and wringing out the pledgets. Measurements were recorded for each pledget after being submerged for 0, 1, and 5\u00a0minutes and then wrung out. Mean weights were calculated and compared between the submersion durations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean overall weight of epinephrine on a wrung\u2010out pledget was 0.931\u00a0mg. Mean weights of epinephrine absorbed onto wrung\u2010out pledgets after submersion for 0, 1, and 5\u00a0minutes were 0.914, 0.913, and 0.967\u00a0mg, respectively. There were no significant differences in weights based on submersion duration (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =. 296).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Approximately 1\u00a0mg of epinephrine was absorbed onto 0.5\u2010in \u00d7 3\u2010in cottonoid pledgets when pledgets were wrung out after being submerged in 1:1000 epinephrine, whether being removed from solution immediately or after up to 5\u00a0minutes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599819888651","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,19]],"date-time":"2019-11-19T04:02:20Z","timestamp":1574136140000},"page":"60-63","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Approximate Weight of 1:1000 Topical Epinephrine on Wrung\u2010Out Epinephrine\u2010Soaked Pledgets"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"162","author":[{"given":"Hannah N.","family":"Kuhar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxia","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences Henry Ford Health System Detroit Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donald H.","family":"Penning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Henry Ford Health System Detroit Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John R.","family":"Craig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Henry Ford Health System Detroit Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21642"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199902000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2015.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199611000-00020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-010-1435-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27238"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2010.24.3454"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21590"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(05)80657-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-6757(96)90119-9"}],"container-title":["Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0194599819888651","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0194599819888651","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0194599819888651","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T10:49:04Z","timestamp":1760957344000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0194599819888651"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,19]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0194599819888651"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0194599819888651","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0194-5998","1097-6817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0194-5998","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-6817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-06-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-10-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-11-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}