{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T18:33:03Z","timestamp":1770748383709,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,28]],"date-time":"2020-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients increasingly rely on online resources for medical information; however, the Internet is unregulated and prone to misinformation. This study analyzes the reliability, quality, and readability of websites for M\u00e9ni\u00e8re\u2019s disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A Google search was performed using keywords <jats:italic>M\u00e9ni\u00e8re\u2019s disease<\/jats:italic>. The first 5 pages (50 results) were reviewed. Websites were sorted into 5 categories: academic institutions, government agencies, professional organizations, medical information websites, and miscellaneous. The reliability, quality, and readability of each website were evaluated using the DISCERN instrument and Flesch\u2010Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL). DISCERN assesses reliability and quality by scoring 15 questions on a scale from 1 (low) to 3 (high). The reliability score emphasizes clear objectives and sources, as well as lack of bias, whereas the quality score emphasizes information on treatment options. The FKGL of each website was calculated using a formula to determine the equivalent US grade reading level.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ambulatory.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title><jats:p>None.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010two websites were analyzed. Academic institutions were the most common (n = 13, 31%) but scored the lowest using DISCERN at 1.75 \u00b1 0.13. Medical information websites scored highest at 2.24 \u00b1 0.09 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =. 024 compared to academic institutions). The average FKGL of all websites was 10.12 \u00b1 0.57 with medical information websites being the easiest to read at 8.84 \u00b1 0.83. Only 5 (13%) of websites scored below the eighth\u2010grade reading level.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most top online search results for M\u00e9ni\u00e8re\u2019s disease are deficient in quality and readability. Medical information websites are generally the most reliable and easy to read.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599819901150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,28]],"date-time":"2020-01-28T04:02:12Z","timestamp":1580184132000},"page":"329-336","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["A Critical Analysis of the Information Available Online for M\u00e9ni\u00e8re\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"162","author":[{"suffix":"II","given":"Dennis I.","family":"Bojrab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan Ear Institute Farmington Hills Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Fritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan Ear Institute Farmington Hills Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seilesh","family":"Babu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan Ear Institute Farmington Hills Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenny F.","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan Ear Institute Farmington Hills Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"Miniwatts Marketing Group.Internet users distribution in the world\u2014mid\u2010year 2019.2019.http:\/\/www.internetworldstats.com\/stats.htm. 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