{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:17:32Z","timestamp":1783469852543,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]],"date-time":"2020-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The otolaryngology community has significant concerns regarding the spread of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 through droplet contamination and viral aerosolization during head and neck examinations and procedures. The objective of this study was to investigate the droplet and splatter contamination from common otologic procedures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cadaver simulation series.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dedicated surgical laboratory.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two cadaver heads were prepped via bilateral middle cranial fossa approaches to the tegmen (n = 4). Fluorescein was instilled through a 4\u2010mm burr hole drilled into the middle cranial fossa floor, and presence in the middle ear was confirmed via microscopic ear examination. Myringotomy with ventilation tube placement and mastoidectomy were performed, and the distribution and distance of resulting droplet splatter patterns were systematically evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were no fluorescein droplets or splatter contamination observed in the measured surgical field in any direction after myringotomy and insertion of ventilation tube. Gross contamination from the surgical site to 6\u00a0ft was noted after complete mastoidectomy, though, when performed in standard fashion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results show that there is no droplet generation during myringotomy with ventilation tube placement in an operating room setting. Mastoidectomy, however, showed gross contamination 3 to 6\u00a0ft away in all directions measured. Additionally, there was significantly more droplet and splatter generation to the left of the surgeon when measured at 1 and 3\u00a0ft as compared with all other measured directions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820930245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]],"date-time":"2020-05-19T04:02:18Z","timestamp":1589860938000},"page":"320-324","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Cadaveric Simulation of Otologic Procedures: An Analysis of Droplet Splatter Patterns During the COVID\u201019\u00a0Pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"163","author":[{"given":"Dhruv","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Indiana University Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kolin E.","family":"Rubel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Indiana University Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Indiana University Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent J.","family":"Campiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Indiana University Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron E.","family":"Carroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Indiana University Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan Y.","family":"Ting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Indiana University Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa A.","family":"Illing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Indiana University Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah J.","family":"Burgin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Indiana University Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Information for healthcare professionals about coronavirus (COVID\u201019). Accessed May 1 2020.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019\u2010ncov\/hcp\/index.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2001737"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28672"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-2438-7_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa189"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v11100940"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","unstructured":"American Academy of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery.Otolaryngologists and the COVID\u201019 pandemic. 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