{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T21:58:11Z","timestamp":1788991091973,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]],"date-time":"2020-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is little consensus regarding the efficacy and safety of treatment options for cricopharyngeal (CP) achalasia. The purpose of this scoping review is to assess the literature regarding the various treatments for this disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Sources<\/jats:title><jats:p>PubMed was searched for all articles addressing treatment of adult CP achalasia between January 1990 and June 2019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Review Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 351 peer\u2010reviewed results were reviewed by 3 otolaryngologists for inclusion. After review of titles, abstracts, and full texts, 60 articles were selected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among included studies, 55% were retrospective and 45% were prospective. Forty\u2010five percent of studies were case series. CP achalasia etiologies included idiopathic (28%), cerebrovascular accident (CVA) (28%), neurologic disease (17%), head and neck radiation treatment (11%), Zenker\u2019s diverticulum (10%), and myositis (5%). Most commonly employed treatments were botulinum toxin injection (40%), endoscopic CP myotomy (30%), dilation with either balloon or bougie (25%), and open CP myotomy (15%). A proportion of patients were treated with more than 1 approach. Most studies included both subjective and objective outcome measures. Complications were reported most often in patients with a history of head and neck radiation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Small sample sizes and heterogeneity of causes and treatments of CP achalasia, as well as short duration of follow\u2010up, make it challenging to assess the superiority of one treatment over another. There is a need for a prospective study that more directly compares outcomes of administration of botulinum toxin, dilation, and CP myotomy in patients with CP achalasia of similar etiologies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820931470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]],"date-time":"2020-06-23T04:01:31Z","timestamp":1592884891000},"page":"1109-1113","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Cricopharyngeal Achalasia: Management and Associated Outcomes\u2014A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"163","author":[{"given":"Karuna","family":"Dewan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chloe","family":"Santa Maria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Noel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-56930-9.00008-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215116007994"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318281cc1b"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489419837565"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200007000-00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000014988"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4137\/CCRep.S10200"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2016.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12209"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.22365"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949410300105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009968.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2005.12.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2017.03.010"}],"container-title":["Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0194599820931470","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0194599820931470","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0194599820931470","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T09:38:08Z","timestamp":1760953088000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0194599820931470"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0194599820931470"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0194599820931470","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0194-5998","1097-6817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0194-5998","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-6817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-10-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-03-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-06-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}