{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T04:00:20Z","timestamp":1785038420390,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]],"date-time":"2020-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine if rapid implementation of simulation training for the nasopharyngeal swab procedure can increase provider confidence regarding procedure competency.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A simulation training exercise was designed as a departmental initiative to improve competency performing nasopharyngeal swabs during the COVID\u201019 pandemic. Sixty\u2010one health care workers attended teaching sessions led by the Department of Otorhinolaryngology on proper nasopharyngeal swab technique. After a brief lecture, participants practiced their swab technique using a high\u2010fidelity airway simulation model. Pre\u2010 and postintervention self\u2010evaluations were measured via standardized clinical competency questionnaires on a 5\u2010point Likert scale ranging from \u201cNo knowledge, unable to perform\u201d up to \u201cHighly knowledgeable and confident, independent.\u201d<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010six participants in this study submitted pre\u2010 and postintervention self\u2010assessments. Postintervention scores improved on average 1.41 points (95% CI, 1.10\u20101.73) out of 5 from a mean score of 3.13 to 4.54 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;. 0001). This reflects a large effect size with a Glass\u2019s delta value of 1.3.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lecture coupled with simulation\u2010based teaching can significantly improve health care workers\u2019 confidence in performing nasopharyngeal swabs. Proper training for frontline workers performing swabs for COVID\u201019 is essential to improving testing accuracy and can be achieved in a simple and timely manner.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Implications for Practice<\/jats:title><jats:p>To meet the testing needs of the growing pandemic, many health care workers who are unfamiliar with nasopharyngeal swabs have been asked to perform this test. Simulation\u2010based teaching sessions may improve health care workers\u2019 confidence and help prevent false\u2010negative results. This intervention is easily reproducible in any setting where frequent nasopharyngeal swab testing occurs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence\/Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820933168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]],"date-time":"2020-06-02T04:01:52Z","timestamp":1591070512000},"page":"271-274","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Effect of Implementing Simulation Education on Health Care Worker Comfort With Nasopharyngeal Swabbing for COVID\u201019"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"163","author":[{"given":"Michelle E.","family":"Mark","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Rush University Medical Center Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip","family":"LoSavio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Rush University Medical Center Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inna","family":"Husain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Rush University Medical Center Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Papagiannopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Rush University Medical Center Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pete S.","family":"Batra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Rush University Medical Center Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bobby A.","family":"Tajudeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Rush University Medical Center Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30185-9"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"157","article-title":"WHO declares COVID\u201019 a pandemic","volume":"91","author":"Cucinotta D","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Biomed"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.3.2000045"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2020.101627"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020200432"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020201343"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.3786"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00776\u201020."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2001737"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Interim guidelines for collecting handling and testing clinical specimens from persons for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019). 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