{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T04:12:07Z","timestamp":1778818327089,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,25]],"date-time":"2020-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To provide a resource to educate clinical decision makers about the analyses and models that can be employed to support data\u2010driven choices.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Sources<\/jats:title><jats:p>Published studies and literature regarding decision analysis, decision trees, and models used to support clinical decisions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Review Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Decision models provide insights into the evidence and its implications for those who make choices about clinical care and resource allocation. Decision models are designed to further our understanding and allow exploration of the common problems that we face, with parameters derived from the best available evidence. Analysis of these models demonstrates critical insights and uncertainties surrounding key problems via a readily interpretable yet quantitative format. This 11th installment of the Evidence\u2010Based Medicine in Otolaryngology series thus provides a step\u2010by\u2010step introduction to decision models, their typical framework, and favored approaches to inform data\u2010driven practice for patient\u2010level decisions, as well as comparative assessments of proposed health interventions for larger populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Information to support decisions may arise from tools such as decision trees, Markov models, microsimulation models, and dynamic transmission models. These data can help guide choices about competing or alternative approaches to health care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Implications for Practice<\/jats:title><jats:p>Methods have been developed to support decisions based on data. Understanding the related techniques may help promote an evidence\u2010based approach to clinical management and policy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820948827","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,25]],"date-time":"2020-08-25T04:20:52Z","timestamp":1598329252000},"page":"462-472","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Evidence\u2010Based Medicine in Otolaryngology, Part XI: Modeling and Analysis to Support Decisions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"164","author":[{"given":"Lisa","family":"Caulley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario Canada"},{"name":"The Ottawa Hospital Ottawa Ontario Canada"},{"name":"The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Ottawa Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Erasmus MC Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Myriam G.","family":"Hunink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Department of Radiology Erasmus MC Rotterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Center for Health Decision Sciences Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory W.","family":"Randolph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer J.","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2016.11.029","article-title":"Cost\u2010effectiveness analysis of radiation therapy versus transoral robotic surgery for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"97","author":"Rodin 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