{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T16:30:19Z","timestamp":1787502619398,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]],"date-time":"2020-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"national institute on aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG034676"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG034676"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study sought to determine whether a history of pregnancy or bilateral oophorectomy is associated with subsequent otosclerosis development or disease severity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Population\u2010based case\u2010control study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Olmsted County, Minnesota.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Women diagnosed with otosclerosis were matched to 3 women without otosclerosis based on age and historical depth of medical records. Associations of prior delivery and bilateral oophorectomy with subsequent development of otosclerosis and with pure\u2010tone average (PTA) at the time of otosclerosis diagnosis were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We studied 1196 women: 299 cases of otosclerosis and 897\u00a0matched controls. The odds ratio for the association of \u22651 delivery with otosclerosis was 1.16 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.85\u20101.60;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =. 35). Odds ratios for the associations of 1, 2, 3, or \u22654 deliveries with otosclerosis were 1.22 (0.83\u20101.80), 1.09 (0.71\u20101.68), 1.28 (0.77\u20102.12), and 1.00 (0.54\u20101.84), respectively. The odds ratio for the association of prior bilateral oophorectomy with otosclerosis was 1.12 (0.58\u20102.18;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =. 73). In cases with otosclerosis, PTA at diagnosis was not significantly higher for women with \u22651 delivery as compared with those without (median 45\u00a0dB hearing loss [HL] [interquartile range {IQR} 36\u201055] vs 43 [IQR 34\u201053];\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.18) but was significantly higher for women with bilateral oophorectomy compared with those without (median 54\u00a0dB HL [IQR 44\u201061] vs 44 [IQR 34\u201053];\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =. 03).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These data do not support a relationship between endogenous estrogen exposure and development of otosclerosis. Women with otosclerosis who had a history of pregnancy did not have significantly worse hearing at the time of diagnosis, suggesting that pregnancy is not associated with disease severity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820966295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]],"date-time":"2020-10-28T00:04:34Z","timestamp":1603843474000},"page":"1294-1298","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Pregnancy, Estrogen Exposure, and the Development of Otosclerosis: A Case\u2010Control Study of 1196 Women"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"164","author":[{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Macielak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John P.","family":"Marinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery San Antonio Uniformed Services Health Education Consortium San Antonio Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas J.","family":"Totten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine M.","family":"Lohse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences Research Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brandon R.","family":"Grossardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences Research Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew L.","family":"Carlson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurologic Surgery Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-008-0790-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20934"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002047"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"477","article-title":"The effect of pregnancy on otosclerosis","volume":"5","author":"Pearson E","year":"1951","journal-title":"Ann West Med 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