{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T02:11:50Z","timestamp":1782267110214,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]],"date-time":"2020-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stapes surgery is highly successful in reducing or eliminating the audiometric air\u2010bone gap (ABG) related to otosclerosis, and it can be performed under general anesthesia or local anesthesia with sedation. Literature on the relative outcomes of these 2\u00a0modalities is lacking. The purpose of this study was to compare hearing outcomes for these 2\u00a0modalities in a large patient population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective review.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Large otology referral center.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients undergoing primary stapes surgery for otosclerosis from 2005 to 2017 were grouped by anesthetic modality and their cases reviewed. Pre\u2010 and postoperative ABGs were primary outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 580 patients undergoing stapes surgery were included: 46% received local anesthesia and 54% received general anesthesia. These 2\u00a0groups were similar in demographic and disease characteristics. Mean preoperative ABGs were 25.6 and 26.6\u00a0dB for patients undergoing local and general anesthesia, respectively (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =. 2); mean postoperative ABGs were 9.5 and 9.7\u00a0dB (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =. 9). There were no significant differences in the rates of complications, the need for revision surgery, or the need to abort surgery intraoperatively between local and general anesthesia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Consistent with limited prior data, in this cohort stapes surgery yielded similar hearing outcomes whether performed under general anesthesia or local anesthesia with sedation. While we report the largest sample size to date, this study, like previous work, carries the potential for sampling bias. Prospective study comparing local and general anesthesia for stapes surgery is needed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820972671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]],"date-time":"2020-11-10T14:48:29Z","timestamp":1605019709000},"page":"157-162","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Hearing Outcomes and Complications in Stapes Surgery for Otosclerosis Performed Under General or Local Anesthesia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"165","author":[{"given":"Alexander L.","family":"Luryi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurotology Michigan Ear Institute Farmington Hills Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Schettino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis I.","family":"Bojrab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurotology Michigan Ear Institute Farmington Hills Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seilesh C.","family":"Babu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurotology Michigan Ear Institute Farmington Hills Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elias M.","family":"Michaelides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Rush University Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"II","given":"Dennis I.","family":"Bojrab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurotology Michigan Ear Institute Farmington Hills Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher 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