{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:40:55Z","timestamp":1791996055393,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]],"date-time":"2021-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cleft lip and\/or palate (CLP) is the most common major congenital malformation of the head and neck. Although numerous genetic features, syndromes, nutritional deficiencies, and maternal exposures have been implicated in the etiology of CLP, the impact of prematurity on the pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. This study seeks to evaluate the associations between prematurity and the development of CLP in the United States.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Academic medical center.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Kids\u2019 Inpatient Database (2016) was used to identify weighted in\u2010hospital births with diagnoses of prematurity or CLP. Demographic information was obtained. Odds ratios were used to determine associations between prematurity and CLP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among patients included in our data set, 8.653% (n = 326,147) were preterm; 0.136% (n = 5115) had CLP; and 0.021% (n = 808) were preterm and had CLP. Preterm infants had 1.90 times the odds (95% CI, 1.74\u20102.07) of developing CLP when compared with the nonpreterm population. The binary logistic regression model accounting for possible confounding variables produced an odds ratio of 1.83 (95% CI, 1.66\u20102.01) for the association between prematurity and CLP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infants who are born preterm are more likely to have CLP than full\u2010term infants. The current results will allow for improved risk stratification, maternal counseling, and interventions in the case of prematurity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:title><jats:p>4.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/01945998211002148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]],"date-time":"2021-03-23T04:02:21Z","timestamp":1616472141000},"page":"887-894","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Cleft Palate in Newborns Diagnosed With Prematurity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"165","author":[{"given":"Jennifer N.","family":"Shehan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Boston Medical Center Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"David O\u2019Neil","family":"Danis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashank","family":"Bains","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krystyne","family":"Basa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Boston Medical Center Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander P.","family":"Marston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Tufts Medical Center Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica R.","family":"Levi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Boston Medical Center Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"School of Medicine Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60695-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2014.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","volume-title":"Global Registry and Database on Craniofacial Anomalies: Report of WHO Registry Meeting on Craniofacial Anomalies","author":"Mossey P","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.epirev.a017947"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"5","volume-title":"Cleft Lip and Palate: From Origin to Treatment","author":"Sperber G"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/02\u2010074.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.31447"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19980113)75:2<126::AID-AJMG2>3.0.CO;2-R"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"127","volume-title":"Cleft Lip and Palate: From Origins to Treatment","author":"Mossey P"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2018.05.006"},{"issue":"93","key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","first-page":"189","article-title":"Maternal risk factors associated wtih the development of cleft lip and cleft palate in Mexico: a case\u2010control study","volume":"29","author":"Angulo\u2010Castro E","year":"2017","journal-title":"Iran J Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820944899"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","first-page":"78","article-title":"Family history and risk factors for cleft lip and palate patients and their associated anomalies","volume":"19","author":"Jamilian A","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stomatologija"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17796\/jcpd.27.2.475367q2601u3x4w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/07-176.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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